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Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.

The document concludes that alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease without a definitive cure, but treatments like corticosteroids are commonly used.

Fulvestrant is a well-tolerated new treatment for advanced breast cancer that may delay chemotherapy.

Skin problems are very common in people with end-stage kidney disease.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

Dermoscopy improves diagnosis and treatment monitoring for children's skin infections, inflammations, and hair disorders.

Skin problems can be caused or worsened by physical forces and pressure on the skin.

Skin fat has important roles in hair growth, skin repair, immune defense, and aging, and could be targeted for skin and hair treatments.

High-frequency ultrasonography is a useful but underused tool in dermatology for assessing skin cancers, monitoring diseases, and evaluating treatments.

Some systemic treatments work for nail psoriasis but can have serious side effects.

Finding eosinophils near hair bulbs helps diagnose alopecia areata.

Minoxidil promotes hair growth by increasing cell division and DNA synthesis.

Hedgehog signaling helps keep hair follicle stem cells the same in both young and old human skin.

Finasteride effectively treats male pattern baldness, improving hair growth and density.

Notch-related genes play a key role in the development and cycling of hair follicles.

RTA 408 cream protects mice from radiation skin damage.

Fat from the body can help improve hair growth and scars when used in skin treatments.

PPAR agonists show promise for skin conditions but need more research before being a main treatment.

Nanotechnology in dermatology shows promise for better drug delivery and treatment effectiveness but requires more safety research.

The balance between androgen receptor and p53 is crucial for sebaceous gland differentiation.

Zinc can both inhibit and stimulate mouse hair growth, and might help recover hair after chemotherapy.

Applying a specific inhibitor lightens skin and hair color.

The document concludes that targeting 5α-reductase, the androgen receptor, and hair growth genes, along with using compounds with anti-androgenic properties, could lead to more effective hair loss treatments.

Wnt signaling may be linked to heart diseases in aging and could be a target for future treatments.

A new type of sudden, complete female hair loss was found, with most patients fully recovering within 6 months without needing steroid treatment.

Genetics and hormones cause hair loss; finasteride treats it safely.

Multiphoton microscopy is a promising tool for detailed skin imaging and could improve patient care if its challenges are addressed.

Graft-versus-host disease is a complication where donor immune cells attack the recipient's body, often affecting the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.

Mice healed without scars as fetuses but developed scars as adults, suggesting scarless healing might be replicated with further research.