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This study suggests that dietary grape powder may reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis in a mouse model, highlighting its potential in both prevention and intervention settings.

This review examines targeting the JAK-STAT pathway in inflammatory skin diseases, highlighting existing JAK inhibitors and potential developments, but presents no new experimental or clinical results.

In this narrative review, researchers outlined the role of T cells in the autoimmune pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlighted ongoing research into therapeutic pathways, beyond current JAK inhibitors, aimed at developing new treatments for the disease.

This review discusses the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway and highlights its role and inhibitors in various diseases, but reports no new experimental results.

This review summarizes recent research on alopecia areata, highlighting advances in targeted therapies due to improved understanding of its immunopathogenesis, though it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway is the primary pathway disrupted in skin after CO2 laser surgery.

This review summarizes recent findings on how the dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorders and discusses the potential of natural products, synthetic compounds, and biologic agents in their treatment. However, it emphasizes the need for further research to develop effective therapies.

This review discusses the role of JAK inhibitors in treating atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo, highlighting their effectiveness and safety considerations but stressing the need for further research on long-term safety and patient selection.

This study reported that the anti-γc antibody hC2 restored hair follicle homeostasis and suppressed hair loss in an AA-like mouse model by inhibiting autoreactive T-cell activity, suggesting that hC2 may offer a safer and more effective treatment for alopecia areata compared to current Jak inhibitors.

This study found a significant overlap between gene expression signatures of alopecia areata and certain chronic inflammatory skin disorders, suggesting shared biological processes may drive their co-occurrence and providing a foundation for future research into distinct comorbid subtypes.

This review discusses the pathophysiology of alopecia areata, highlighting the role of CD8 cytotoxic T cells and the upregulation of JAK signaling pathways; it reports no new experimental results.

In this study, researchers found that alopecia areata patients show a significant reduction in suppressive regulatory T-cells and an increase in inflammatory T-cell populations, suggesting an immunological imbalance contributing to the disease.

Brepocitinib improves cicatricial alopecia and reduces key immune markers.

This article reviews current and emerging treatments for alopecia areata, emphasizing the need for biomarker-driven patient stratification to optimize therapeutic strategies and reduce potential side effects; it reports no new clinical findings.

This narrative review highlights the shared immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis and discusses approved and investigational therapies that target common pathways, suggesting a future for personalized treatment strategies.

This report describes a case of alopecia universalis successfully treated with tofacitinib, though it was associated with increased peripheral blood cytokine levels.

This article reviews the differences in inflammatory processes between alopecia universalis and atopic dermatitis, focusing on type 1 and type 2 immune responses, but it reports no new results.

In a reported case, researchers observed full hair regrowth on the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes of a 4-year-old with alopecia universalis after 10 months of treatment with dupilumab, following resistance to baricitinib.

The study was retracted.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata and their healthy family members had elevated levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines, suggesting a genetic link in cytokine dysregulation.

This review summarizes current treatments for recalcitrant alopecia areata and recent therapeutic developments targeting specific immunological pathways, reporting no new clinical results.

This study suggests that vitamin A influences the immune response and hair cycle, affecting the progression of alopecia areata in mouse models.

This study found that EGFR-targeted cancer therapy can cause skin toxicities by disrupting epidermal signaling, allowing microbiota invasion and inflammation, but identified a potential treatment approach using FGF7 or SOS expression to restore barrier integrity.

In this study involving mice, the researchers observed that circadian rhythm disorder can pass alopecia risk to male offspring, and parental Pu-erh tea consumption, particularly by females or both parents, mitigated this risk through various biological mechanisms.

This study found that allergic rhinitis is linked to a higher risk of developing androgenetic alopecia, while second-generation H1-antihistamine use was associated with a reduced risk, especially in younger patients.

In this study, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) induced IL-4/IL-13 from T cells, prompting sebum secretion and adipose loss, suggesting IL-4/IL-13 may affect skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis.

This study found that canine pemphigus foliaceus skin lesions exhibit a distinct immune signature, with upregulated pro-inflammatory and Th17-related genes, showing similarities to human pemphigus. Further research using advanced sequencing is needed to better understand the disease's pathogenesis.

This review of 32 articles suggests a stronger association between alopecia areata and allergic rhinitis than asthma in both adults and children, indicating a potential Th2-mediated component.

This study reported that in a case series of three adolescents with alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis, treatment with 15 mg/day of upadacitinib led to rapid improvement in skin symptoms and significant hair regrowth over 12 months, with no severe adverse events observed.

This study found that total serum IgE levels were elevated in patients with alopecia areata compared to controls, suggesting a possible involvement of IgE and Th2 cytokines in its pathogenesis.