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This review highlights the challenges in treating alopecia areata, noting that current therapies often lead to relapse and have uncertain long-term effectiveness; it also points to potential future treatments such as JAK-STAT inhibitors and PRP.

This review discusses the relationship between aging, chronic inflammation, and immunosuppression, suggesting that these interconnected processes may contribute to tumorigenesis and premature aging, but reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses strategies to enhance mesenchymal stem cell therapy effectiveness but reports no new clinical results; it highlights the need for improved consistency and efficacy in MSC-based treatments.

This review highlights the potential of ginseng and its metabolites in preventing hair loss, detailing their hair growth-promoting effects observed in numerous preclinical studies, and emphasizing the underlying mechanisms involved.

This review discusses prolactin production and regulation in human skin and hair follicles, highlighting its potential broader implications but reports no new empirical results.

This review examines existing research and clinical trials on the use of dupilumab for various skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disorders, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This case report describes a patient who developed alopecia after 18 weeks of treatment with dupilumab for atopic dermatitis.

This review discusses the relationship between psoriasis and autoimmunity, focusing on autoimmune co-morbidities, but reports no new research findings.

This review discusses the role of the skin microbiome in the pathogenesis of various skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, and reports no new clinical findings; it emphasizes potential therapeutic implications.

This review discusses the effects of valproic acid on immune cell activation and gene expression, potentially influencing infection outcomes and suggesting its promise for autoimmune and hypersensitivity condition management.

This review compiles current information about Eclipta prostrata, traditional uses, and its promising pharmacological properties, like hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, but emphasizes that more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and ensure safety for clinical application.

This review discusses the role of tumor suppressors in controlling tumor-associated inflammation and suggests that targeting this inflammation may counteract the effects of tumor suppressor loss.

This review examines the role of regulatory T cells in skin immune disorders, highlighting their unique functions in conditions like scleroderma, alopecia areata, and psoriasis, without reporting new clinical results.

This review discusses baricitinib's applications for various inflammatory disorders and highlights its promising efficacy alongside potential adverse effects, advocating for further research before it becomes a standard treatment.

Apremilast was not effective in treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.

This study found that deleting Stim1 and Stim2 in mature T regulatory cells disrupts Ca 2+ signaling, preventing their differentiation and leading to severe autoimmune disorders in mice.

This study found that selective deletion of Ctip2 in epidermal keratinocytes in adult mice leads to atopic dermatitis-like inflammation and suggests Ctip2 plays a crucial role in skin barrier maintenance and inflammatory regulation.

This study observed initial hair regrowth in a businessman with alopecia areata universalis treated with tofacitinib, but the effect diminished, leading to renewed hair loss.

This study found that Schistosoma mansoni cercariae stimulate epidermal keratinocytes in mice, initiating pro-inflammatory responses and barrier repair mechanisms akin to those in wound healing.

This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.

This review discusses how acute exposures to environmental and internal stressors can quickly alter skin functions, leading to various dermatological symptoms, and calls for more research on these short-term effects.

This review discusses the use of tofacitinib as a treatment for plaque psoriasis, highlighting its efficacy and safety in clinical trials, but notes unresolved questions regarding long-term safety.

This review summarizes various drug treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa, noting their effectiveness, side effects, and high recurrence rates, but reports no new clinical findings.

This mini-review discusses the role of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases and reports no new results.

This study found that cepharanthine can inhibit gastric cancer cell activity by inducing oxidative stress and altering energy metabolism, suggesting its potential for gastric cancer treatment.

This review discusses the involvement of type I interferons in skin autoimmune and inflammatory diseases but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the role of microRNAs in skin function and potential therapeutic applications, emphasizing their importance in wound healing and disease management, though it reports no new experimental findings.

This review of stem cell-based tissue engineering treatments in preclinical burn wound models reports promising improvements in skin repair, suggesting potential as an enhanced therapy for burn wounds.

This study found that T-regulatory cells, specifically the FOXP3 CD39 subset, were significantly reduced in both circulation and hair follicles of alopecia areata patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This review discusses immune pathways involved in alopecia areata and explores emerging, more targeted therapeutic strategies, noting their potential for better safety and effectiveness compared to traditional immune suppressants.