610 citations,
April 2014 in “Nature Reviews Immunology” The document concludes that understanding how the skin's immune system and inflammation work is complex and requires more research to improve treatments for skin diseases.
421 citations,
April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.
306 citations,
April 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.
295 citations,
March 2016 in “Life Sciences” Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.
273 citations,
May 2017 in “The Lancet” Some drugs can cause rare but potentially deadly skin reactions, and early treatment and avoiding the drug again are key.
192 citations,
March 2017 in “Cell host & microbe” Hair follicle development and microbes help regulatory T cells gather in newborn skin.
191 citations,
May 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.
156 citations,
August 2016 in “Journal of controlled release” Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.
148 citations,
December 2018 in “Journal of autoimmunity” Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.
139 citations,
February 2014 in “Journal of Advanced Research” Vitamin D is important for skin health and may affect conditions like psoriasis and hair loss, but more research is needed to understand its role fully.
139 citations,
February 2010 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.
134 citations,
January 2019 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” Antibiotics can reduce acne but may lead to resistant bacteria, and understanding the skin's bacteria is important for treatment.
130 citations,
November 2017 in “Frontiers in Immunology” The conclusion is that Treg-targeted therapies have potential, but more knowledge of Treg biology is needed for effective treatments, including for cancer.
127 citations,
January 2015 in “Journal of Biological Rhythms” The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.
127 citations,
January 2013 in “PLOS ONE” Probiotic bacteria improved skin and hair health in aged mice.
124 citations,
October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Janus kinase inhibitors are promising treatments for autoimmune skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.
119 citations,
July 2016 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.
116 citations,
February 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” JAK inhibitors help with skin conditions but need more research on dosing and safety.
91 citations,
August 2014 in “Development” The circadian clock is crucial for tissue renewal and regeneration, affecting stem cell functions and having implications for health and disease.
83 citations,
June 2018 in “Frontiers in immunology” Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.
82 citations,
October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Changes to the Foxp3 protein affect how well regulatory T cells can control the immune system, which could help treat immune diseases and cancer.
76 citations,
February 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Mesenchymal stem cells show potential for skin healing and anti-aging, but more research is needed for safe use, especially regarding stem cells from induced pluripotent sources.
75 citations,
August 2018 in “Biochemical pharmacology” Targeting the skin's endocannabinoid system could help treat skin disorders.
70 citations,
February 2019 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” Short-chain fatty acids from *Cutibacterium acnes* cause skin inflammation, contributing to acne.
70 citations,
January 2014 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.
68 citations,
September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.
68 citations,
November 2015 in “The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Blocking IL-12/IL-23p40 helped reverse severe hair loss in patients.
67 citations,
January 2020 in “Cellular & Molecular Immunology/Cellular & molecular immunology” Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.
66 citations,
May 2021 in “Science Advances” Different scaffold patterns improve wound healing and immune response in mouse skin, with aligned patterns being particularly effective.
65 citations,
June 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” Certain immune system proteins are important for skin healing but can cause problems if there are too many of them.