144 citations
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November 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” This study summarizes how the IL-23/IL-17 axis contributes to inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and highlights that biologics targeting this pathway, including monoclonal antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17, have shown efficacy in clinical trials for these conditions.
May 2025 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This review reports that psoriatic alopecia, a type of hair loss linked to psoriasis, is difficult to diagnose and often resistant to conventional treatments, highlighting the need for further research into its immune-related mechanisms and personalized treatment approaches for better management.
January 2026 in “Forum Dermatologicum” This study systematically reviewed literature on paradoxical reactions during biologic treatments for psoriasis, identifying immune dysregulation mechanisms and diverse clinical manifestations, highlighting that mild cases often respond well to topical treatments, while severe cases may require switching to different IL-23 inhibitors.
20 citations
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March 2019 in “Case Reports in Dermatology” This report describes two cases where patients developed alopecia while undergoing treatment for psoriasis with IL-17 inhibitors, suggesting an unexpected paradoxical reaction.
278 citations
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March 2013 in “Gut” In this study, nearly 5% of anti-TNF-treated patients with IBD developed psoriasiform skin lesions, with smoking identified as a main risk factor, and ustekinumab proved highly effective in severe cases.
176 citations
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August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
37 citations
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December 2021 in “Cells” This study found that dysregulation of systemic Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines is associated with alopecia areata, with specific cytokines linked to disease activity and treatment response.
1 citations
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August 2023 in “Biomolecules” This study found that patients with alopecia areata and their healthy family members had elevated levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines, suggesting a genetic link in cytokine dysregulation.
Using high-throughput proteomics, this study identified 34 differentially expressed proteins in the lesional skin of adults with scalp psoriasis, suggesting a cytokine storm response linked to bacterial antigens.
January 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Small molecule DMF improves psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, adult skin cells can be made to grow new hair, certain skin cells initiate hair growth, IL-17C controls gut health and can cause skin inflammation, and skin cells produce IL-17 that can lead to psoriasis.
41 citations
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May 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” This review discusses the genetic, autoinflammatory, and keratinization factors involved in hidradenitis suppurativa and presents the concept of classifying it as an autoinflammatory keratinization disease, but reports no new clinical results.
112 citations
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January 2013 in “Experimental dermatology” This article offers a viewpoint on hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis, suggesting that impaired Notch signalling from γ-secretase mutations may drive inflammation and link the condition to other Th17-driven diseases.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This article discusses the role of regulatory T cells in alopecia areata, where their deficiency in hair follicles may lead to impaired local immunity and suggests potential therapies like CAR-T reg cells and low-dose IL-2 to alleviate autoimmunity and promote hair regeneration in affected individuals.
December 2025 in “Nature Communications” In this study using mouse models, researchers found that elevated IL-17a in aged olfactory epithelium impairs olfactory function, while IL-17a inhibition promotes regeneration and mitigates age-related decline.
49 citations
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January 2018 in “Immunology” This review discusses the relationship between psoriasis and autoimmunity, focusing on autoimmune co-morbidities, but reports no new research findings.
May 2024 in “European Journal of Immunology” This review discusses the potential of targeting Coenzyme A metabolism to restore metabolic balance, reduce chronic inflammation, and enhance immune function, particularly by modulating Vitamin B5 pathways involved in Th17-mediated inflammation and CD8-dependent anti-tumor immunity.
3 citations
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September 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology” This study discusses the epithelial-immune microenvironment in chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and highlights current and future treatment strategies targeting inflammatory loops within these diseases.
February 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study reports that a new mouse model with a CARD14 mutation successfully mimics key human PRP symptoms, and anti-IL-17A antibody significantly reduces these symptoms.
December 2025 in “Cureus” This study suggests that elevated levels of IL-17A and IL-23 in alopecia areata may play roles in disease severity and activity, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets.
20 citations
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December 2019 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” In this study, ustekinumab did not promote hair regrowth in human patients with alopecia areata or prevent disease development in an AA mouse model, suggesting limited efficacy for this treatment.
57 citations
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April 2019 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This background review discusses alopecia areata, highlighting the role of CD8+NKG2D+ T cells in hair follicle pathogenesis, and notes that the exact mechanisms causing hair loss remain unclear.
68 citations
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November 2015 in “The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” In this study, three patients with extensive alopecia areata showed varying degrees of hair regrowth after 20 weeks of treatment with ustekinumab, a cytokine-targeting therapy.
66 citations
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March 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This article reviews the role of perifollicular regulatory T cells in maintaining hair follicle integrity in the context of hidradenitis suppurativa and calls attention to inflammatory mechanisms without reporting new clinical results.
16 citations
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October 2020 in “Lipids in Health and Disease” This review explores the current understanding of leptin's role in psoriasis and other skin diseases but reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing that the exact mechanisms of its impact are still being investigated.
77 citations
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June 2017 in “Advances in Therapy” This review discusses recent advances and ongoing clinical trials in novel therapeutics for alopecia areata, despite the lack of current FDA-approved treatments for severe cases, and reports no new results.
30 citations
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May 2016 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” This review discusses immune pathways involved in alopecia areata and explores emerging, more targeted therapeutic strategies, noting their potential for better safety and effectiveness compared to traditional immune suppressants.
78 citations
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October 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review summarizes 15 years of clinical and experimental research advancements in hidradenitis suppurativa, highlighting its recognition as a uniquely healable inflammatory skin disease but reports no new clinical results.
April 2026 in “Dermatology and Therapy” This study reviews the efficacy and safety of advanced therapies like TNFα inhibitors and IL-17/IL-23 inhibitors for dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, finding TNFα inhibitors particularly effective for severe or refractory cases, although prospective validation is needed for early intervention benefits.
16 citations
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September 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This review explores the role of neutrophil recruitment in the inflammation seen in hidradenitis suppurativa and emphasizes potential therapeutic targets within these pathways, but it reports no new clinical results.
125 citations
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September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology” This review summarizes recent advances in Treg cell biology, focusing on Foxp3's role in immune regulation and therapeutic reprogramming for immune dysregulatory disorders, but reports no new clinical results.