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This study found that immune privilege collapse in the hair follicle bulge and associated immune responses may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris, suggesting a potential autoimmune basis for the disease.

This review discusses alopecia areata as a model for studying tissue-directed autoimmune diseases and reports no new clinical findings.

This study summarizes how the IL-23/IL-17 axis contributes to inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and highlights that biologics targeting this pathway, including monoclonal antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17, have shown efficacy in clinical trials for these conditions.

This study found that pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic mechanisms, specifically involving granzyme B and Fas pathways, are associated with chronic alopecia areata, indicating their potential role in the disease's persistence.

This article offers a viewpoint on hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis, suggesting that impaired Notch signalling from γ-secretase mutations may drive inflammation and link the condition to other Th17-driven diseases.

This study found that local injections of interleukin-4 and neutralizing anti-interferon-γ antibody effectively treated alopecia in a mouse model, suggesting potential therapeutic pathways for human alopecia areata.

This review discusses rodent models of alopecia areata and highlights genetic and epigenetic factors influencing its development, but reports no new experimental results.

This article reviews the role of perifollicular regulatory T cells in maintaining hair follicle integrity in the context of hidradenitis suppurativa and calls attention to inflammatory mechanisms without reporting new clinical results.

This study found that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, along with IL-23 and IL-32 cytokine pathways, are active in alopecia areata lesions, and corticosteroid injections significantly altered these immune markers.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had higher levels of Th17 cells and lower levels of regulatory T cells compared to healthy controls, suggesting an immune imbalance in these patients.

This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.

This study found that a specific mutation in the mouse RXRalpha gene significantly impacts immune responses and causes hair loss and skin cysts.

Dupilumab may cause hair loss in some patients with severe atopic dermatitis.

This study found that EGFR-targeted cancer therapy can cause skin toxicities by disrupting epidermal signaling, allowing microbiota invasion and inflammation, but identified a potential treatment approach using FGF7 or SOS expression to restore barrier integrity.

This review discusses the genetic, autoinflammatory, and keratinization factors involved in hidradenitis suppurativa and presents the concept of classifying it as an autoinflammatory keratinization disease, but reports no new clinical results.

This study observed that both ritlecitinib and brepocitinib improved scalp biomarkers in patients with alopecia areata, with associations to hair regrowth seen in this phase 2a trial.

In this study, researchers observed that follicular damage and stem cell loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia may be mediated by immune attacks at the bulge region, suggesting potential for JAK/STAT-targeting treatments to prevent progression.

This study found that individuals with AA have a higher incidence of atopic and autoimmune conditions, suggesting both Th1 and Th2 immune responses may play a role in its development.

This review discusses the role of immune responses, especially Th1 cytokines, in alopecia areata pathogenesis and reports no new research findings.

This review discusses immune pathways involved in alopecia areata and explores emerging, more targeted therapeutic strategies, noting their potential for better safety and effectiveness compared to traditional immune suppressants.

In this study, Treg depletion impaired skin wound healing in mice, potentially by altering the cytokine environment and expanding certain T-cell populations, disrupting the normal healing process.

This review discusses potential immune therapies targeting regulatory T cells for age-related diseases and emphasizes the need for further research to translate these therapies into clinical practice.

This study suggests that targeting specific immune pathways, such as IL-12/23 and Th2 cytokines, may offer new treatment options for alopecia areata, a T-cell-mediated disease without current mechanism-specific therapies.

In this study, three pediatric patients with alopecia areata demonstrated hair regrowth after being treated with ustekinumab.

This review highlights that frontal fibrosing alopecia’s increasing incidence may involve immune, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, yet its pathogenesis remains complex and not fully understood.

This report describes two cases where patients developed alopecia while undergoing treatment for psoriasis with IL-17 inhibitors, suggesting an unexpected paradoxical reaction.

Targeting MIG and MCP-1 may help treat inflammation in alopecia areata.

Hair growth phase in mice weakens certain immune responses.

This study observed significant differences in immune cell infiltration and gene expression across different skin sites, with the back displaying higher tolerance-promoting immune mechanisms, which may enhance epicutaneous immunotherapy outcomes.

This review explores the current understanding of leptin's role in psoriasis and other skin diseases but reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing that the exact mechanisms of its impact are still being investigated.