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This study found that patients with active severe alopecia areata exhibited decreased CD200 expression on T and B lymphocytes, which may be linked to an imbalance in Th1/Th2 immune equilibrium.

This study found that a specific mutation in the mouse RXRalpha gene significantly impacts immune responses and causes hair loss and skin cysts.

This study found that local injections of interleukin-4 and neutralizing anti-interferon-γ antibody effectively treated alopecia in a mouse model, suggesting potential therapeutic pathways for human alopecia areata.

In this study, researchers developed a dissolvable microneedle patch combining HA-TEMPO and Portulaca oleracea L.-derived nanoparticles, which effectively reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in an atopic dermatitis model while restoring immune balance, suggesting a promising treatment strategy.

This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.

This study found that dysregulation of systemic Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines is associated with alopecia areata, with specific cytokines linked to disease activity and treatment response.

This study found that reduced expression of CD200R1 on monocyte-derived macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly associated with higher disease severity and an imbalance in Th17/Treg cells.

Dupilumab can help regrow hair in alopecia areata but stopping it may cause hair loss again.

In this study, researchers found that cytokine dysregulation linked to genetic background is present in both patients and healthy but genetically related individuals in two autoimmune skin diseases, Pemphigus vulgaris and Alopecia areata, suggesting that protective immune mechanisms may prevent disease manifestation in predisposed individuals.

This review discusses immune pathways involved in alopecia areata and explores emerging, more targeted therapeutic strategies, noting their potential for better safety and effectiveness compared to traditional immune suppressants.

This review of 32 articles suggests a stronger association between alopecia areata and allergic rhinitis than asthma in both adults and children, indicating a potential Th2-mediated component.

This review discusses the relationship between allergies and alopecia areata, highlighting potential roles for anti-allergy and desensitization therapies, but reports no new clinical results.

This review examines the interconnected processes of atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata, highlighting shared immune imbalances, genetic factors, and microbiome influences, while analyzing current and emerging treatments and identifying gaps in understanding these overlapping conditions.

This review discusses the complex role of immune disturbances and the JAK-STAT pathway in alopecia areata, noting the success of JAK inhibitors in treatment, while highlighting ongoing debates and challenges in targeting other pathways like IL-17 and TNF-α.

In this retrospective study, researchers found a statistically significant increase in the risk of alopecia areata among atopic dermatitis patients using dupilumab compared to controls, suggesting the need for careful monitoring and further research on the drug's impact on alopecia areata.

This study demonstrates that T-cell responses in extensive alopecia areata scalp may be aberrantly regulated, with reduced cytokine production but activated phenotype, providing insight into the disease's immune mechanisms.

This article examines anticytokine therapies for autoimmune diseases, highlighting the potential of anti-interferon-γ as a universal treatment for certain conditions and noting varying effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors.

This study found that carbonic anhydrase II was significantly upregulated in human keratinocytes when treated with toll-like receptor 3 agonist and Th2 cytokines, suggesting its potential role in inflammatory skin conditions.

This review explores the current understanding of leptin's role in psoriasis and other skin diseases but reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing that the exact mechanisms of its impact are still being investigated.

This review discusses the crucial role of sex hormones in maintaining and influencing skin health, suggesting ongoing research into hormonal treatments for skin conditions due to life stage changes.

This review discusses autoimmune blistering diseases across species and highlights new treatment efficacy findings and ongoing trials, but it reports no new clinical results.

This research highlights that engineered mice lacking the vitamin D receptor show multiple health issues similar to human vitamin D deficiency, underscoring the widespread impacts of the vitamin D endocrine system.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata and their healthy family members had elevated levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines, suggesting a genetic link in cytokine dysregulation.

This review highlights that malnutrition, including deficiencies in proteins and micronutrients, may exacerbate allergic conditions like dermatitis and asthma by promoting inflammation, while adequate micronutrient intake supports regulatory immune responses.

This review discusses the complex mechanisms regulating skin immunity to balance host defense with inflammation, but reports no new findings.

This article reviews the emerging non-inflammatory roles of regulatory T cells in the skin and reports no new clinical findings, suggesting broad biological influence beyond traditional immune functions.

This study observed that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can inhibit phosphorylation of STAT1 and reduce a specific subset of immune cells in vitro and ex vivo, suggesting a potential role in maintaining immune privilege in alopecia areata.

This review discusses immunological abnormalities in PCOS, focusing on inflammation and autoantibody production, and reports no new results; it suggests exploring new therapeutic drug targets.

This review of seborrheic dermatitis highlights the role of complex immunoinflammatory processes in its pathogenesis and discusses emerging treatments, such as PDE4 inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and microbiome-targeted therapies, which may benefit patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms, according to the authors.