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In this case report, a 62-year-old woman's persistent frontal fibrosing alopecia while on the psoriasis medication ustekinumab suggests that IL-12 and IL-23 inhibition may not be effective in treating this scarring alopecia, challenging the role of Th1 and Th17 pathways in its pathogenesis.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata and their healthy family members had elevated levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines, suggesting a genetic link in cytokine dysregulation.

This study found that dupilumab treatment in alopecia areata significantly suppressed Th2-related markers and increased hair keratin levels, suggesting a potential role of Th2 cytokines in the disease's pathogenesis.

This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.

This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.

Dupilumab may cause hair loss in some patients with severe atopic dermatitis.

In this study, three pediatric patients with alopecia areata demonstrated hair regrowth after being treated with ustekinumab.

This abstract provides no new clinical results; it discusses the role of surgery and interventional radiotherapy in treating cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

This study suggests that IL-4 and IL-13 may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata in some patients, indicating a possible Th2-driven pathway in this condition.

In this study, researchers found that cytokine dysregulation linked to genetic background is present in both patients and healthy but genetically related individuals in two autoimmune skin diseases, Pemphigus vulgaris and Alopecia areata, suggesting that protective immune mechanisms may prevent disease manifestation in predisposed individuals.

This study conducted a meta-analysis of gene expression data from alopecia areata patients, identifying 5109 differentially expressed genes and highlighting enriched pathways like JAK-STAT signaling, providing insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential treatment targets.

This study observed that some patients experienced alopecia areata during dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis, but many regrew hair while continuing therapy.

This study found that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors used in cancer treatment induce a distinct inflammatory response in hair follicles, marked by immune privilege collapse and upregulation of inflammatory pathways.

Dupilumab can help regrow hair in alopecia areata but stopping it may cause hair loss again.

This case report details the development of a psoriasiform rash and inflammatory alopecia in a 29-year-old man with severe atopic dermatitis following dupilumab treatment. The authors observed hair regrowth and eczema control after discontinuing dupilumab and beginning treatment with abrocitinib.

This study found that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, along with IL-23 and IL-32 cytokine pathways, are active in alopecia areata lesions, and corticosteroid injections significantly altered these immune markers.

This study suggests that targeting specific immune pathways, such as IL-12/23 and Th2 cytokines, may offer new treatment options for alopecia areata, a T-cell-mediated disease without current mechanism-specific therapies.

This research found that reduced expression of SIRT1 in human scalp tissue may contribute to alopecia areata development by inducing immune-inflammatory responses in hair follicle cells, suggesting that SIRT1 plays a regulatory role in hair follicle immunity.

This study found that in patients with alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis, 61.5% showed improvement with dupilumab treatment, but 38.5% experienced worsened or new-onset alopecia areata, with higher baseline IgE levels linked to better responses.

This study observed that patients using dupilumab for atopic dermatitis or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps may experience new-onset or worsening paradoxical alopecia areata, potentially due to unopposed Th1/Th17 immune activity following Th2 pathway blockade.

This study found that activating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hair follicles is sufficient to induce adipocyte generation in the dermis, affecting both hair follicle stem cell activation and adipocyte differentiation.

This study conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis revealing a complex chemokine profile in alopecia areata patients, with elevated Th1, Th2, and other immune pathway chemokines, suggesting broader immunomodulatory strategies may help address the disease's multifaceted immune dysregulation.

In this scoping review and meta-analysis, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata exhibit complex chemokine profiles, with elevated levels of Th1, Th2, and other immune pathway-associated chemokines, suggesting the potential for broad immunomodulatory strategies to address the disease's immune dysregulation.

In this scoping review and meta-analysis, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata show a complex serum chemokine profile, predominantly involving Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines, suggesting that broader immunomodulatory strategies might address the diverse immune dysregulation observed in the disease.

This review discusses the complex role of immune disturbances and the JAK-STAT pathway in alopecia areata, noting the success of JAK inhibitors in treatment, while highlighting ongoing debates and challenges in targeting other pathways like IL-17 and TNF-α.

In this retrospective study, researchers found a statistically significant increase in the risk of alopecia areata among atopic dermatitis patients using dupilumab compared to controls, suggesting the need for careful monitoring and further research on the drug's impact on alopecia areata.

In this case report, researchers documented a 71-year-old woman with both alopecia areata and bullous pemphigoid who showed significant improvement using dupilumab after other treatments failed, highlighting its potential for autoimmune diseases with overlapping inflammatory mechanisms.

This case report details a 47-year-old female with atopic dermatitis who developed alopecia areata after six months on dupilumab therapy; treatment discontinuation and other interventions led to complete hair regrowth, suggesting dupilumab may trigger alopecia areata in patients with atopic or autoimmune predispositions.

In this study, researchers observed that follicular damage and stem cell loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia may be mediated by immune attacks at the bulge region, suggesting potential for JAK/STAT-targeting treatments to prevent progression.

This study found that oral JAK3 and TYK2/JAK1 inhibitors improved clinical outcomes in alopecia areata patients by reducing immune responses and enhancing hair keratin expression, with stronger effects in those with shorter disease duration.