10 citations
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January 2008 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that trans-3,4'-Dimethyl-3-hydroxyflavanone reduces active TGF-beta2 levels in human keratinocytes, suggesting it may enhance hair growth by suppressing the TGF-beta2 activation pathway.
9 citations
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August 2018 in “Biomedical dermatology” This study found that topical administration of the TGFβ mimetic peptide DPS-1 stimulated hair growth in mice by promoting HDP cell proliferation and enhancing hair follicle morphology.
7 citations
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March 2022 in “Molecules” This study found that 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) promoted hair growth in rat vibrissa follicles by activating Wnt/β-catenin and autophagy pathways and inhibiting the TGF-β pathway in dermal papilla cells.
6 citations
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May 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, Lagerstroemia indica extract was found to significantly promote hair growth and prevent hair loss in human trials, likely through the regulation of specific signaling pathways, indicating its potential as a cosmetic treatment for hair loss prevention.
5 citations
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June 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” This study used a probabilistic Boolean network model to explore hair follicle cell fate regulation and predicted that varying TGF-β levels, in coordination with BMP and TNF, can influence either apoptosis or cell proliferation during different follicle growth stages.
5 citations
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February 2017 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics” The authors reported that 4-O-methylhonokiol decreased TGF-β1-induced cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress markers in human keratinocyte cells, suggesting a potential protective role in TGF-β1-mediated cell cycle regulation.
4 citations
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April 2024 in “Cellular and Molecular Biology” In this study, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was found to enhance the proliferative, migratory, and hair-inducing abilities of dermal papilla cells more effectively than platelet-rich plasma through the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
4 citations
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March 2024 in “Cells” This study found that the microRNAs oar-miR-23b and oar-miR-133 inhibit the proliferation and migration of sheep dermal fibroblasts, impacting the development of hair follicles in superfine wool sheep by targeting the genes TGFβ2 and NOTCH1.
4 citations
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February 2022 in “PeerJ” This study found that hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells improved liver function and pathology in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway and reducing hepatic stellate cell activation.
3 citations
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October 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This laboratory study found that PI extract, along with its metabolites Ang and Mac, inhibited cell proliferation and protein expression linked to pathways involved in BPH, suggesting potential for therapeutic use, although the Ang-Mac combination showed no significant effect on apoptosis through the p53 pathway.
3 citations
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July 2024 in “Cell Proliferation” In this study, a wound-induced skin fibrosis model in mice revealed that TGFβ signaling plays a pivotal role in maintaining fibrogenic characteristics in dermal adipocyte progenitors, which could inform new therapeutic approaches for fibrotic skin conditions such as scleroderma.
3 citations
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July 2022 in “Brain and Behavior” This study observed that a CARASIL mouse model demonstrated abnormal behavior, vascular and cellular changes, and upregulation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, indicating its potential involvement in CARASIL pathogenesis.
1 citations
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July 2025 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” Photobiomodulation helps protect hair follicle cells from damage caused by DHT.
1 citations
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December 2023 in “Animals” In this study, researchers observed that the skin quality and hair follicle development of Rex rabbits improved when slaughtered in winter compared to summer, with findings suggesting seasonal regulation via multiple signaling pathways affecting fur characteristics.
1 citations
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March 2023 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” This study reports that a collagen scaffold with p-Coumaric acid showed promising wound-healing effects in diabetic wound models by enhancing tissue regeneration and balancing collagen turnover.
1 citations
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February 2023 in “Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research” This study found that polysulfonic acid mucopolysaccharide may reduce skin scarring in rats by influencing the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
1 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of Embryology & Stem Cell Research” This review discusses mesenchymal stem cells' role in tissue regeneration and skin anti-aging, highlighting their migration to damaged sites and secretome effects, but reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
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May 2012 in “International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology” This study suggests that TGF-β receptor 1 may play a role in deer antler skin cell differentiation and dermis fibroblasts' rapid proliferation, potentially aiding the alignment of skin and cartilage growth rates in sika deer antlers.
June 2026 in “Food Science and Human Wellness” In this study, the high polarity fraction of Lanzhou Fat-Tailed Sheep tail fat showed significant antioxidant and wound healing properties in a mouse model, promoting faster wound closure and reducing inflammation by modulating cytokine levels and enhancing collagen production.
April 2026 in “Inflammopharmacology” This study found that Punica granatum ethanolic leaf extract may alleviate skin fibrosis in rats by modulating inflammation-related pathways and reducing dermal alterations.
April 2026 in “Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education” This study found that in a fluconazole-induced alopecia-like rat model, a 14-day treatment with hypoxia-induced mesenchymal stem cell exosomes significantly increased TGF-β and PDGF levels, which may improve hair growth and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for alopecia and other inflammation-related skin disorders.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study reviews evidence that in keloid development, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) drives fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis not only through the classical Smad-dependent pathway but also via equally important Smad-independent signaling cascades, suggesting these pathways as possible targets for more effective keloid therapies.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” This study found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in secondary hair follicle-derived dermal papilla cells from cashmere goats, likely via the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
March 2026 in “Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science” This study reported that Cosmos caudatus extract alone may therapeutically modulate the AR–FGF-2 axis in a BPH rat model, comparable to finasteride, but combining them disrupted pathway regulation, increasing TGF-β levels.
February 2026 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” This review discusses how TGF-β3 influences fate decisions of various stem cell types, highlighting its role in proliferation, differentiation, and cell death through classical and non-classical signalling pathways.
January 2026 in “Molecular Nutrition & Food Research” This study found that Gynostemma pentaphyllum hydrodistillate and Damulin B exert significant anti-photoaging effects in UVB-irradiated models by reducing oxidative stress, improving ECM integrity, and enhancing skin hydration and elasticity.
October 2025 in “Records of Natural Products” This research found that kaempferol, a flavonoid from hair growth-promoting plants, significantly enhanced human dermal papilla cell proliferation and inhibited specific signaling pathways, outperforming minoxidil, with topical application in mice promoting hair growth and thickness, indicating potential as a natural hair loss treatment.
October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study synthesizes knowledge of how dendritic cell signals, epithelial integrins, and fibroblast activity converge on TGF-β1 to maintain or disrupt skin healing, contrasting normal and fibrotic scar formation and suggesting possible integrin and immune-targeted treatments for skin fibrosis.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TGF-β signaling is essential for hair follicle regeneration during wound healing.
April 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study discovered that exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can mitigate damage in dermal papilla cells by modulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2 signaling pathway through miRNAs miR-574-3p and miR-125a-5p, revealing potential therapeutic targets for androgenetic alopecia.