April 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study reviews evidence that in keloid development, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) drives fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis not only through the classical Smad-dependent pathway but also via equally important Smad-independent signaling cascades, suggesting these pathways as possible targets for more effective keloid therapies.
10 citations
,
August 2020 in “Acta histochemica” This study found that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits mink hair follicle growth by reducing dermal papilla cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, likely through the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 pathway.
4 citations
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February 2022 in “PeerJ” This study found that hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells improved liver function and pathology in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway and reducing hepatic stellate cell activation.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” This study found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in secondary hair follicle-derived dermal papilla cells from cashmere goats, likely via the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
4 citations
,
April 2024 in “Cellular and Molecular Biology” In this study, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was found to enhance the proliferative, migratory, and hair-inducing abilities of dermal papilla cells more effectively than platelet-rich plasma through the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
23 citations
,
May 2023 in “Cell Proliferation” This review highlights the critical role of TGF-β and FGF signaling pathways in the development and regeneration of skin layers, particularly the dermis, and discusses their significance in advancing future clinical applications in dermatology.
1 citations
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December 2023 in “Animals” In this study, researchers observed that the skin quality and hair follicle development of Rex rabbits improved when slaughtered in winter compared to summer, with findings suggesting seasonal regulation via multiple signaling pathways affecting fur characteristics.
April 2026 in “Inflammopharmacology” This study found that Punica granatum ethanolic leaf extract may alleviate skin fibrosis in rats by modulating inflammation-related pathways and reducing dermal alterations.
3 citations
,
September 2022 in “Frontiers in veterinary science” This study identified key genes and signaling pathways involved in cashmere goat hair follicle growth cycles, influenced by melatonin implantation, suggesting a basis for further research on melatonin's regulatory mechanism.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Recent clinical techniques, results, and research in wounds” This review discusses the similarities between wound healing and embryonic development, focusing on signaling pathways and their potential for developing new wound healing strategies, and reports no new clinical results.
August 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study using scRNA-seq on 96 skin biopsies from 51 healthy individuals revealed distinct cell signaling pathways in different skin sites, including unique pathways in facial and palmoplantar skin, which may explain their varying susceptibilities to skin disorders.
August 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that two microRNAs, oar-miR-23b and oar-miR-133, inhibit the development of hair follicles in superfine wool sheep by targeting genes involved in key signaling pathways, suggesting their potential use as molecular markers for breeding fine wool sheep.
November 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Genes controlling hair growth and immune response are disrupted in male pattern baldness.
28 citations
,
November 2018 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” This review discusses the role of the CXXC5 protein as a transcription factor and signaling coordinator, noting its involvement in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and diseases such as tumorigenesis, but reports no new experimental findings.
13 citations
,
November 2015 in “Gene” In this study, TGFβR I was more highly expressed in alpaca ear skin than in back skin, suggesting it may inhibit coat hair growth, with let-7b downregulating TGFβR I protein through transcriptional repression.
82 citations
,
February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.
9 citations
,
August 2018 in “Biomedical dermatology” This study found that topical administration of the TGFβ mimetic peptide DPS-1 stimulated hair growth in mice by promoting HDP cell proliferation and enhancing hair follicle morphology.
44 citations
,
January 2013 in “BMC Dermatology” This study found that TGFβ signaling is essential for keeping sebocytes undifferentiated by reducing lipid-related gene expression, using a novel human sebocyte culture model.
7 citations
,
May 2022 in “PLOS ONE” This study found that Hetian sheep with higher wool density produce more and finer wool, with key genes potentially influencing their wool growth and density.
October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that collagen peptides from Mozambique tilapia significantly promoted hair regrowth and increased the proliferation of hair growth factors in vitro and in vivo, suggesting potential as supplements for hair loss prevention.
85 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that Blimp1 plays a key role in promoting hair follicle morphogenesis and growth by mediating inductive signaling pathways in dermal papilla cells.
June 2023 in “Food frontiers” In this animal study, researchers observed that ginsenoside CK significantly reduced hair loss, improved sexual organ health, and encouraged hair growth in mice with androgenetic alopecia by modulating key signaling pathways and normalizing hormone metabolism, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
156 citations
,
December 2012 in “Cell Stem Cell” This review explores the role of TGF-β superfamily pathways in stem cell environments and their implications for tissue regeneration and cancer development, reporting no new experimental results.
25 citations
,
November 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” This study found that PlncRNA‑1 may enhance the proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells by upregulating the TGF‑β1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that TGFbeta is a key pathway causing age-related loss of dermal fat's antimicrobial function, suggesting that targeting TGFBR might help restore skin defense against infections in older age.
2 citations
,
May 2022 in “Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology” This study found that administering lower doses of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate increased hair growth in rats via specific molecular pathways, while a higher dose suppressed these pathways and impaired hair growth.
This study found that garlic exosomes induced hair growth in rats by increasing anagen follicle counts and activating multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt-1, β-catenin, and TGF-β1.
January 2016 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” In this study, LED irradiation was found to promote hORSC proliferation and stimulate the Wnt5a/β-catenin and ERK signaling pathways, suggesting a potential mechanism for hair growth.
13 citations
,
June 2014 in “Molecular therapy” This study found that a lentiviral array of reporters can identify lineage-specific promoters and pathways in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, aiding in the prediction of signaling pathway effects.
10 citations
,
January 2008 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that trans-3,4'-Dimethyl-3-hydroxyflavanone reduces active TGF-beta2 levels in human keratinocytes, suggesting it may enhance hair growth by suppressing the TGF-beta2 activation pathway.