September 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study indicates that a helminth-derived protein, TGF-β mimic, may accelerate wound healing and promote regenerative processes in skin tissue by interacting with TGF-β receptors.
May 2022 in “Journal of Immunology” In this study, a TGF-β mimic molecule from Heligmosomoides polygyrus was observed to enhance wound healing in mice, with improved tissue regeneration and specific immune cell recruitment without increased scarring.
August 2011 in “Planta Medica” This study suggests that the hair growth-promoting effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol may be linked to its ability to modulate TGF-β-induced cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress in HaCaT cells.
December 2017 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that Endoglin is crucial for proper hair follicle cycling and the activation of hair follicle stem cell niches, based on its role in the feedback crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and Bmp/Smad signals.
24 citations
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June 2018 in “PubMed” This study found that liposterolic extracts of Serenoa repens enhanced hair regeneration and repair in DHT-induced hair loss mouse models, suggesting potential effects comparable to finasteride.
1 citations
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May 2012 in “International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology” This study suggests that TGF-β receptor 1 may play a role in deer antler skin cell differentiation and dermis fibroblasts' rapid proliferation, potentially aiding the alignment of skin and cartilage growth rates in sika deer antlers.
July 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” In this study conducted on rabbits, conventional blood treated with 120% sodium citrate was observed to achieve the highest platelet recovery and enrichment coefficient, while altering sodium citrate concentrate affected levels of growth factors PDGF and TGF-β1 after plasma activation.
4 citations
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April 2024 in “Cellular and Molecular Biology” In this study, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was found to enhance the proliferative, migratory, and hair-inducing abilities of dermal papilla cells more effectively than platelet-rich plasma through the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
4 citations
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February 2022 in “PeerJ” This study found that hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells improved liver function and pathology in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway and reducing hepatic stellate cell activation.
April 2025 in “Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders” This study found that linc-PINT expression was significantly decreased in patients with atrial fibrillation compared to healthy controls, while several TGF-β signaling genes were increased, suggesting a potential role in heart arrhythmias' pathogenesis.
July 2026 in “Chemical Engineering Journal” January 2026 in “AIP conference proceedings” January 2026 in “SSRN Electronic Journal” July 1997 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study introduces stem cell activity as a key factor influencing the effects of IFN-γ and TGF-β1 on autoimmune disease dynamics, showing that varying cytokine levels can modulate stem cell activity and immune privilege, impacting tissue regeneration and disease flares.
August 2026 in “European Journal of Pharmacology”
18 citations
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February 2022 in “Cell Death Discovery” In this study, researchers found that hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells, modified to overexpress extracellular matrix protein 1, significantly improved liver function and reduced liver damage in cirrhotic mice by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and TGF-β/Smad signaling.
17 citations
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August 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” In this study, SIRT1-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduced peritoneal fibrosis in a rodent model, suggesting potential as a treatment strategy for peritoneal dialysis-induced damage.
56 citations
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December 1990 in “Differentiation” Growth factors can either promote or inhibit hair follicle cell growth and collagen breakdown.
52 citations
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September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review highlights the potential of ginseng and its metabolites in preventing hair loss, detailing their hair growth-promoting effects observed in numerous preclinical studies, and emphasizing the underlying mechanisms involved.
47 citations
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March 2017 in “Materials Science and Engineering: C” In this study, decellularized human amniotic membrane was found to promote wound healing and reduce scar formation in rats with full-thickness skin defects, compared to traditional clinical treatments.
30 citations
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December 2017 in “Medical Hypotheses” This review evaluates dihydrotestosterone's role in androgenic alopecia and proposes a model suggesting that chronic scalp tension and inflammation contribute to hair follicle miniaturization, identifying fibrosis, calcification, and tension as treatment targets.
18 citations
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January 2017 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” This study found that Th17 lymphocytes may play a more crucial role than cytotoxic T cells in the development of alopecia areata due to their infiltration around the hair bulb/bulge, which exacerbates hair loss as histopathological grade worsens.
13 citations
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” This study observed that human anagen hair follicles can grow in vitro when maintained serum-free, with possible implications for understanding hair follicle growth mechanisms.
10 citations
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May 2021 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” In this study, subcutaneous injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in burned rats significantly improved wound healing by reducing inflammation, scar formation, and wound size, and restoring normal skin structures.
6 citations
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January 2013 in “Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin” In this study, TASP0382088 showed potent selective inhibition of the ALK5 receptor, significantly reducing Smad2 phosphorylation in mouse skin following topical application.
6 citations
,
April 1996 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” This study suggests that TGF-alpha may function in an autocrine or juxtacrine manner rather than promoting cell proliferation during hair growth cycles in ferrets and sheep.
6 citations
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January 1994 in “PubMed” This review explores the complexity of the hair cycle and discusses the roles of various growth factors, androgens, and cytokines in regulating hair growth, yet reports no new results.
August 1994 in “Journal of dermatological science” Different substances affect hair and skin cell growth in various ways, with some promoting and others inhibiting cell proliferation.