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Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.

Insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin can help with ovulation, weight loss, and lower testosterone in some women with PCOS.

Androgen receptor signaling causes early aging of cells important for hair growth by damaging their DNA.

Testosterone may influence COVID-19 severity and outcomes.

Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.

Hair loss involves immune responses, inflammation, and disrupted signaling pathways.

Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.

Blocking the FGF5 gene in sheep leads to more fine wool and active hair follicles due to changes in certain cell signaling pathways.

Chromium supplements don't improve insulin, hormone levels, or cholesterol in women with PCOS but raise testosterone levels.

Lespedeza cuneata extract may help treat enlarged prostate.

Higher BMI and lower testosterone are linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.

Testosterone significantly affects sexual desire in both men and women, but its impact on women is more complex and influenced by psychological factors.

Testosterone helps prevent skin damage in males by acting through both estrogen and androgen pathways.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.

A boy with a rare form of early puberty caused by a new gene mutation responded well to treatment aimed at reducing testosterone and preserving adult height.

Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Ginsenoside Rg4 from ginseng may help hair growth by activating certain cell signals.

Cocaine impairs male sexual behavior and alters testosterone metabolism in the brain.

Limonin from young citrus fruits may help with hair growth by affecting cell growth and hair cycle pathways.

Beetroot extract nanogel may help treat hair loss caused by testosterone.

Testosterone affects blood pressure control and inflammation in male rats with endotoxic shock, and blocking certain hormones may help treat it.

Long-term high testosterone levels can improve bone density and reduce body fat but may increase the risk of prostate cancer and high blood pressure.

Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.

Dutasteride and finasteride can help increase hair growth gene expression but need further improvement.

Vertex baldness has higher DHT levels than frontal baldness, but testosterone and PSA levels are similar.

High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.

Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.

Terminalia bellirica extract may help promote hair growth and prevent hair loss caused by testosterone.

More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.