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This review describes the clinical features of testosterone deficiency syndrome in aging men but reports no new experimental findings, highlighting the need for clinical recognition and treatment of TDS.

In this case study, biotin supplementation was reported to interfere with free testosterone assay results, leading to falsely low readings in a postmenopausal woman with hyperandrogenism.

This article reviews the limited evidence on testosterone therapy for premenopausal women and notes a lack of long-term safety and effectiveness data for this population.

This review discusses the impact of testosterone therapy on postmenopausal women's sexual function and well-being but notes a lack of long-term safety studies and debates on defining androgen insufficiency.

In this review and meta-analysis, the authors concluded that 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy is not consistently associated with significant increases in serum testosterone levels in men.

This article discusses the potential effects of exogenous testosterone, highlighting that its impact on prostate cancer progression, cardiovascular health, and behavior remains uncertain and needs further investigation.

This review examines the development of cardiovascular risk factors related to testosterone levels in PCOS women and reports no new clinical results.

This study indicated that while testosterone replacement in older men with low testosterone increases muscle mass and strength and reduces fat, its effects on physical function, disability, falls, or fractures remain unclear.

This review discusses the safety of testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women and concludes that, aside from hirsutism and acne, it appears safe at physiological doses for several years, though more long-term studies are needed.

In this study, transgender adolescents treated with testosterone for a median of 12 months experienced effective virilization, including voice deepening and increased hair growth, but also showed decreased HDL cholesterol and BMD z-scores, and increased hematocrit, with no short-term safety issues reported.

This study found that combining cyproterone acetate with testosterone enanthate was highly effective in suppressing spermatogenesis, suggesting potential as a reversible male contraceptive method.

Randomized trials reported that testosterone therapy improved sexual function in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, particularly those who had undergone oophorectomy, with reversible and well-tolerated side effects.

This study found that a testosterone patch and gel showed bioequivalent testosterone levels in hypogonadal men, but the patch mimicked a natural circadian profile, while the gel resulted in higher dihydrotestosterone levels.

This study found that 4-MA is a potent inhibitor of testosterone 5α-reductase in human tissues, promising potential for treating androgen-dependent skin conditions like male pattern baldness.

Testosterone was found to inhibit hair follicle epithelial cell proliferation in adult stumptailed macaques only when dermal papilla cells from bald scalps were present, and this effect was reversed by the antiandrogen RU 58841.

This review discusses the negative health impacts of testosterone deficiency and the potential adverse effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors, emphasizing the need for patient-physician discussions regarding these treatments.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

This study found that Ganoderma lucidum extracts reduced prostate enlargement and improved symptoms in testosterone-treated rats, suggesting potential benefits for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study found that the ARL15 gene affects adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion, and suggests that ARL15 haploinsufficiency may predispose individuals to lipodystrophy.

This study found that long-term finasteride therapy in men with BPH worsened erectile dysfunction and reduced testosterone levels, while these effects were not observed with tamsulosin.

This study suggests that synthetic steroid analogues or 5α-reductase modulation could be potential therapeutic strategies for nervous system disorders, but further research on their effects is necessary.

This article reviews guidelines for testosterone replacement therapy in late-onset hypogonadism, emphasizing the need for clear indications and appropriate testing before treatment, but provides no new research findings.

This study found that obesity in PCOS women with biochemical hyperandrogenemia lowers androstenedione levels and increases the testosterone to androstenedione ratio, but this was not observed in women with clinical hyperandrogenemia or in controls.

This article discusses whether testosterone's metabolism to 5α-dihydrotestosterone is necessary for androgenic effects in the skin but reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses the limitations of serum androgen measurements in diagnosing and treating women with potential androgen-related disorders and the potential role of androgen replacement therapy for those with sexual interest/arousal disorders, reporting no new results.

This review examines the scientific evidence on the short-term safety of testosterone therapy for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women, without presenting new clinical results.

This study found that combining oral testosterone with dutasteride increased testosterone bioavailability in hypogonadal men while suppressing dihydrotestosterone levels over a 28-day period.

This study found that administering testosterone to ovariectomized female rats decreased endometrial tight junction complexity and expression of specific proteins, potentially affecting embryo implantation.

This study found that the non-steroidal antiandrogen RU58841 increased hair growth rates and promoted hair cycle initiation in balding human scalp grafts on testosterone-conditioned nude mice, indicating a positive effect on hair growth.

This study developed a DPC cell line by introducing mutant CDK4, Cyclin D1, and TERT, making it a promising tool to study downstream signaling pathways activated by testosterone in androgenetic alopecia.