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This case study describes a testosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma in a 55-year-old woman, highlighting the presence of Reinke's crystalloids, suggesting that Leydig cells may play a role in such tumors.

This case report describes a functional adrenocortical oncocytoma that co-secreted testosterone and cortisol.

This case study details a 57-year-old woman with symptoms of androgen excess, including rapid hair growth and temporal balding, alongside abnormal testosterone levels and a history of chronic renal failure.

This case study reported a postmenopausal woman with a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor that was not detected through standard clinical or radiological examination but was found via biopsy.

This study suggests that metformin might serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic option to distinguish insulin resistance-related ovarian testosterone excess from a testosterone-secreting tumor in women with virilization.

This case report describes a testosterone- and cortisol-secreting adrenocortical oncocytoma causing hirsutism in a 23-year-old woman, highlighting adrenal oncocytomas as an important consideration for differential diagnosis.

This case report describes the first known instance of a testosterone-secreting steroid cell ovarian tumor causing pulmonary embolism and erythrocytosis in a postmenopausal woman, highlighting its potential role as a rare cause of hypercoagulable state.

This study found that testosterone enhances insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets by being converted into DHT and E2, processes that are necessary for this effect.

This study suggests that finasteride at doses of 5 mg/kg BW or higher may adversely affect spermatogenesis and male fertility in NMRI mice.

This case study reports that hormonal imbalances in a young boy with precocious pseudopuberty returned to normal after the removal of a testicular interstitial cell tumor, with normal spontaneous puberty following.

This study found that testosterone enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in male and female human islets through its conversion to DHT and E2, a process disrupted by 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors.

This study found that testosterone enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in male and female human islets, requiring conversion to DHT and E2 via SRD5A1 and aromatase.

This study found that three months of oral finasteride treatment significantly decreased dihydrotestosterone levels and hair growth in hirsute women without negatively affecting gonadotropin secretion.

This case study describes an extremely rare instance of androgen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a patient with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

This case report highlights the diagnostic challenge of identifying androgen-secreting ovarian Leydig cell tumors in postmenopausal women when imaging fails to reveal masses, emphasizing the usefulness of ovarian vein sampling for localization.

This study found that in male mouse pancreatic islet β cells, testosterone enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by being locally converted into dihydrotestosterone and estradiol.

This case series highlights that diagnosing ovarian Leydig cell tumors can be challenging, and expert sonography is crucial for accurate identification, as imaging modalities like CT, MRI, and PET-CT may fail to detect them.

This case report describes an 80-year-old woman with severe androgenic alopecia linked to Leydig cell hyperplasia in an ovarian cyst, highlighting the need to investigate androgen-secreting tumors in similar cases.

This case study reports a rare instance of a virilizing androgen-only secreting adrenal cortical adenoma in a 13-year-old, with symptom resolution after surgical removal.

This case report suggests that ovarian steroid cell tumors should be considered in postmenopausal women with hirsutism and elevated testosterone, with surgery being effective in resolving symptoms and preventing recurrence.

This study found that surgical normalization of testosterone in hyperandrogenic women with ovarian androgen-secreting tumors did not significantly change body weight or insulin sensitivity after 12 months.

In this study, Allium macrostemon Bunge extract was found to promote hair regrowth in a testosterone-induced androgenetic alopecia mouse model by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and boosting hair dermal papilla cell proliferation and growth factor expression.

This case report describes a 69-year-old woman with hirsutism and elevated serum testosterone, where surgery resolved symptoms and serum testosterone, suggesting ovarian steroid cell tumor consideration in similar profiles.

This case report suggests that PCOS can present with virilization and rapidly increasing testosterone levels, and highlights oral contraceptives' effectiveness in managing hyperandrogenism in such cases.

This case study found that a 1.6cm ovarian Leydig cell tumor, causing hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman, evaded detection on standard imaging techniques, underscoring the difficulty of diagnosing such tumors with imaging alone.

This case report describes a young woman with an adrenal oncocytic tumor of uncertain malignant potential, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance due to possible malignancy.

This study indicates that insulin changes sex hormone levels in insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting gonadotropin release, challenging the idea that hyperinsulinemia directly causes hyperandrogenism in PCO.

This study found that prenatal antiandrogen treatment in female spotted hyenas significantly altered the LH response to GnRH, indicating partial masculinization of their anterior pituitary gland without affecting ovulatory function.

This case study reports that in an 8-year-old male, a pituitary adenoma causing isolated high LH secretion led to early testosterone-driven puberty without typical testicular enlargement, highlighting the differential roles of LH and FSH in pubertal development.