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This study found that finasteride reduced sperm count, motility, and levels of reproductive hormones, indicating negative effects on fertility in albino male rats.

In this study, short-term liraglutide treatment led to significant weight loss in obese women with newly diagnosed PCOS and a higher metabolic risk profile compared to metformin.

This study found that continuous use of loop diuretics may double the rate of bone loss in elderly men compared to intermittent or non-use.

This study found that spironolactone significantly reduced hair growth in hirsute women, with noticeable effects in 3-5 months, and decreased serum testosterone levels in all participants.

This review examines androgen status in male and female obesity and its influence on the metabolic syndrome, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that applying a novel 0.25% finasteride solution to the scalp can effectively reduce scalp DHT levels in men with androgenetic alopecia, potentially reducing systemic side-effects.

This study concluded that spironolactone may be an effective therapy for a subgroup of hirsute patients, as it reduced plasma testosterone and improved certain hair growth measures.

In this study, spironolactone treatment reduced hair growth in 17 out of 30 patients with hirsutism, but was less effective compared to cyproterone acetate–estrogen therapy.

In this study, metformin improved BMI, menstrual regularity, and symptoms of hyperandrogenism in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, but did not enhance glycemic control.

This randomized controlled study reported that combining Ecklonia cava with Diane-35 significantly improved weight, waist circumference, hormonal balance, and inflammation markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome over three months compared to Diane-35 alone.

Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.

This study found that adding pioglitazone to either spironolactone or metformin improved metabolic parameters and insulin resistance in women with PCOS, despite an increase in BMI.

This review suggests spearmint tea may lower androgenic hormones in women with hirsutism and related symptoms, though longer treatment and follow-up may be needed for noticeable improvements.

This study found that hyperbaric oxygen therapy, when added to conventional treatment for androgenetic alopecia, significantly improved therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional treatment alone.

Both finasteride and metformin effectively treat PCOS by reducing hormone levels and insulin resistance.

This study found that serum PSA levels are higher in hirsute women and can be significantly reduced by antiandrogen treatment, suggesting PSA as a marker of androgen action in females.

In this study, cyproterone acetate was found to be effective in treating 'idiopathic' hirsutism, while a combination of ethinyloestradiol and lynoestrenol reduced hair growth in fewer patients despite uniformly lowering testosterone levels.

This study evaluated the hair growth potential of a microbial biotransformed extract of tobacco leaves in male albino wistar rats, but no new results are provided in the abstract.

This review explores plant-based pharmacological advances for treating polycystic ovary syndrome, reporting no new clinical results but highlighting potential benefits for menstrual cycle regulation and testosterone reduction.

In this study, 4‐MAPC treatment reduced ventral prostate weight in rats primarily through decreased synthetic activity, with testosterone propionate increasing prostate weight and activity at pharmacologic doses.

This article reviews current diagnostic and treatment approaches for androgenetic alopecia but reports no new results, focusing on its progression and medical management options.

In this study, COC treatment led to greater improvements in sex hormone, endocrine factor, and metabolic levels among PCOS patients compared to those who did not receive the treatment.

This article discusses the role of dermal papilla and dermal sheath cells in the hair cycle and reviews finasteride and minoxidil's mechanisms in promoting hair growth, but presents no new clinical findings.

In this study, 150 kHz electromagnetic radiation reduced the number and size of follicular cysts in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome without causing significant morphological damage to developing follicles.

This study found that treatment with cyproterone acetate was generally successful for women with virilizing features, showing improved results in younger women and those with adrenal hirsutism, despite some side effects.

In this case report, a transgender woman with refractory epilepsy began estrogen therapy for gender-affirming purposes, experiencing stable epilepsy and reduced gender dysphoria through ongoing multidisciplinary care, highlighting the importance of careful management for similar patients.

This review discusses the effects of testosterone therapy for transgender men, noting desired outcomes and potential risks, but reports no new research findings; the authors highlight a lack of high-quality data due to various study limitations.

This study found that men with androgenetic alopecia had significantly lower levels of sex hormone binding globulin and higher salivary testosterone compared to controls, while plasma testosterone levels did not differ.

This study found that salivary testosterone levels were significantly lower in oligospermic and azoospermic men compared to normal men, suggesting its potential use in assessing male androgen status.

This study found that Ganoderma lucidum extracts reduced prostate enlargement and improved symptoms in testosterone-treated rats, suggesting potential benefits for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia.