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This study observed that the isotope-dilution GC-MS technique can assess 5α-reductase activity more effectively than conventional methods in rat liver S9 fractions, particularly at low testosterone levels.

This study found that hyperbaric oxygen therapy, when added to conventional treatment for androgenetic alopecia, significantly improved therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional treatment alone.

This study found that Bokusoku extract and its compound pentagalloyl glucose inhibited testosterone metabolism and sebum synthesis, suggesting potential therapeutic use for androgen-related acne.

This review evaluates the use of 5α-reductase inhibitors in feminising hormone therapy, finding their additive feminising benefits unclear due to their specific action on testosterone conversion, with concerns highlighted regarding limited supporting evidence and safety signals, particularly for psychiatric and sexual effects.

In this study, patients with testicular feminization syndrome showed limited anabolic responsiveness to dihydrotestosterone, potentially due to reduced affinity of nuclear receptor sites for androgenic steroids rather than defective testosterone conversion.

This study found that in vitro environments simulating testosterone levels in elderly males, testosterone and its metabolite DHT significantly reduced macrophages' ability to phagocytize MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting AR manipulation and inhibiting testosterone-DHT conversion might help fight wound infections in the elderly.

In this study, testosterone protected female embryonic heart cells from metabolic stress by being converted into metabolites that activate estrogen receptors and up-regulate certain mitochondrial channel proteins.

This study found that spironolactone directly inhibits 5 alpha-reductase activity in hirsute women, resulting in decreased conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which may contribute to its therapeutic effects.

This study found that sex differences in somatostatin biosynthesis in rat hypothalamic neurons develop between postnatal day 1 and 5, influenced by the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.

In a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia, this study found that purple corn extract may improve symptoms by inhibiting prostate enlargement, reducing androgen receptor signaling, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.

The body's change of testosterone into DHT is not necessary for testosterone's muscle and sexual effects.

This study observed that consuming flaxseeds significantly reduced serum free testosterone and improved insulin levels among young women with PCOS, suggesting a promising alternative to conventional treatments.

Testosterone therapy may help men with osteoporosis.

This mini review explores the potential of herbal testosterone 5α-reductase inhibitors for treating androgenetic alopecia, suggesting they might offer fewer side effects and better tolerability than traditional treatments like finasteride and minoxidil.

Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.

This study reported that structure-guided engineering of CYP154C2 mutants significantly improved the 2α-hydroxylation of androstenedione and testosterone, with enhanced conversion efficiency and substrate selectivity compared to the wild-type enzyme.

This study found that testosterone enhances insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets by being converted into DHT and E2, processes that are necessary for this effect.

In this study, PGD2 was shown to increase testosterone production in human keratinocytes through reactive oxygen species, suggesting potential benefits of antioxidants like N-acetyl-cysteine for AGA patients.

This study found that testosterone promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in human glioblastoma cell lines through its conversion into dihydrotestosterone, which can be inhibited by drugs blocking 5α-reductase activity.

In this clinical study, plum blossom needle acupuncture and qi-invigorating therapy were reported to be more effective than conventional Western medicine for treating seborrheic alopecia, as they improved hormone levels, reduced hair loss, and stimulated hair growth among the 87 patients observed.

In this study, researchers reported that standardized rosemary and capsicum extracts significantly improved hair growth parameters such as follicle density, length, and diameter in rats with testosterone-induced alopecia, suggesting these extracts may aid in more effective natural treatments for androgenetic alopecia.

This article discusses the preparation of tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites and reports no new experimental findings.

This study found that administering testosterone to pregnant rats altered connexin 26 and connexin 43 expression in the uterus, which could disrupt embryo implantation and cause early pregnancy loss.

This abstract discusses the unclear role of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in postembryonic life in marsupials and possibly humans, reporting no new findings.

This study found that overexpression of AKR1C3 in prostate cancer cells redirected androgen metabolism towards testosterone production, which facilitated cell proliferation, potentially reducing the effectiveness of finasteride treatment.

In this study, petroleum ether extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit effectively promoted hair growth in a mouse model of androgen-induced alopecia, showing comparable results to the standard treatment, finasteride.

This study found that rat male costochondral chondrocytes, unlike female chondrocytes, respond to testosterone through metabolism to dihydrotestosterone, which shows a maturation-state dependent effect in male growth plate cells.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

This study found that MENT is 10 times more potent than testosterone in suppressing gonadotropins and contributing to anabolism in monkeys, with a potentially wider therapeutic index for human androgen replacement and male contraception.

This review highlights the potential therapeutic applications of nandrolone, an anabolic steroid, for male health, but notes that more human studies are needed due to limited existing literature.