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This review examines the placebo response in conditions such as allergies and weight loss, highlighting its significance in both conventional and alternative medicine randomized trials, without reporting any new results.

This article discusses laboratory and physical markers that may help detect androgenic anabolic steroid abuse in athletes and reports no new primary research results.

In this case report, a 45-year-old man with treatment-resistant androgenetic alopecia experienced hair regrowth during oral bicalutamide treatment but also suffered adverse effects leading to discontinuation, highlighting the need for further studies on the safety and role of androgen receptor blockade in hair loss.

This study found that treatment with mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles enhanced hair growth in mice and stimulated dermal papilla cell activity and growth factor production in vitro.

This analysis concluded that hair regrowth in male and female pattern hair loss treatments did not involve converting vellus hairs into terminal hairs, suggesting a reactivation of dormant non-vellus follicles instead.

This article reviews the history, biology, genetics, prevention, conventional treatments, and herbal alternatives for hair loss, but reports no new research findings.

This study found that both ciclosporin A and topical therapy were effective in reducing alopecia and scaling in dogs with idiopathic sebaceous adenitis, with evidence suggesting improved outcomes when both treatments are combined.

This review discusses the clinical and molecular history of 5-alpha reductase deficiency, highlighting its role in male sexual differentiation and potential therapeutic applications, but reports no new research outcomes.

In this study, children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency and micropenis treated with oral testosterone undecanoate showed increased penile length to a target level after 3-9 months, with no severe adverse effects observed, suggesting the treatment's safety and efficacy.

This article discusses the various roles of steroids in vertebrate organ systems and notes several glucocorticoids that were among the Top 200 Drugs by sales in the 2010s, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study suggests that type I 5-alpha reductase may also play a role in hair growth, with dutasteride potentially being more potent than finasteride in modulating key hair growth gene expressions.

This study found significant species differences in the enzyme activity and inhibitor affinities of prostatic 5α-reductases from rats, dogs, and humans, with variable potencies for different 3-oxo-4-azasteroid inhibitors across species.

This review examined studies on erectile dysfunction and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, concluding that these drugs do not significantly cause erectile dysfunction and emphasizing testosterone's importance over dihydrotestosterone in erectile function.

This review discusses the potential of 4-azasteroids as 5α-reductase inhibitors for treating hirsutism, reporting their promising effects in animal studies but noting no clinical trials have been conducted yet.

This study found that transdermal DHT treatment increased penile length in boys with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, but post-pubertal growth was limited and carried potential prostate complications.

This study found that LY320236 is a competitive inhibitor of type I and a non-competitive inhibitor of type II steroid 5alpha-reductase, indicating its potential as a dual inhibitor with differing modes of activity.

This study found that the 5α-steroid metabolite profile in men with inherited 5α-reductase deficiency is similar to those taking the drug finasteride, suggesting the gene affects multiple steroid substrates.

Formononetin, found in red clover, may treat hair loss with fewer side effects.

This review discusses the clinical implications of female androgen deficiency and evaluates treatment options, emphasizing the need for cautious use of replacement therapy in women with severe deficiency and matching symptoms.

Hair transplantation is a treatment for hair loss mainly caused by genetics, with various techniques and potential complications, and results visible after 8-12 months.

This study reported that oral finasteride 1.25mg/day slowed hair loss and increased hair growth in Korean men with androgenetic alopecia over 8 months, with minimal side effects.

Saw palmetto extract can block the enzyme that converts testosterone in pig prostate cells.

Finasteride helps induce ovulation in nonresponder PCOS women.

This study presents a case where a young male with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale, using finasteride, experienced symptomatic improvement after PFO closure and discontinuing finasteride, suggesting cardiovascular risks associated with the drug.

This review discusses guidelines for androgen use in women and concludes that more research is needed before recommending testosterone due to insufficient evidence on safety and efficacy.

This study found that SZ95 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes exhibit distinct enzyme expressions and activities, implicating their different roles in androgen metabolism and homeostasis in vitro.

In this study of women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia, diverse underlying endocrine disorders including polycystic ovaries and various enzyme deficiencies were detected, often associated with elevated testosterone levels.

Finasteride helps regrow hair and shrink prostate by reducing DHT, with some sexual side effects.

In castrated rats, this study found that triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum inhibited both types of 5α-reductase and reduced prostate growth linked to testosterone but not dihydrotestosterone.

The researchers reported that the petroleum ether extract of Cuscuta reflexa may promote hair growth in testosterone-induced alopecia in mice by inhibiting the enzyme 5α-reductase.