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New oral testosterone formulations show potential for safer, effective hormone replacement in men with low testosterone.

Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause serious and possibly lasting sexual and psychological side effects.

New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.

Pueraria mirifica extract may help treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The review suggests younger men taking 1 mg finasteride report more side effects, including sexual, skin, metabolic, and psychological issues.

Using finasteride or dutasteride does not increase the risk of male breast cancer.

Taking 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors before bladder removal surgery might make high-grade bladder tumors less aggressive.

Using 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may improve bladder cancer survival in men.

Medicines for enlarged prostate may raise the risk of breast growth and tenderness but not breast cancer.

Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.

Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.

Compounds from Alpinia zerumbet may help with hair regrowth and cancer treatment by targeting PAK1.

Changing the C-ring structure in certain compounds can make them better at blocking a specific human enzyme.

LY320236 is a strong blocker of two enzymes that change testosterone into dihydrotestosterone and might help treat conditions related to male hormones.

The triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum can block testosterone effects and may help treat enlarged prostate.

Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.

Finasteride lowers DHT levels and raises testosterone in a dose-dependent way.

Most hirsutism cases are due to PCOS, and treatment focuses on lowering testosterone and blocking its effects.

DHT is a strong androgen that may pose less risk to the prostate compared to testosterone.

A boy with a rare form of early puberty caused by a new gene mutation responded well to treatment aimed at reducing testosterone and preserving adult height.

Using 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may increase the risk of mild depression.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

New treatments for excessive hair growth in women include insulin modulators and enzyme inhibitors.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.

Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.

The document concludes that sexual and psychiatric side effects from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are reported, but more high-quality research is needed to understand how often they occur.

Taking 5-alpha reductase inhibitors does not increase breast cancer risk in men.

Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are main treatments for BPH, with new support for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and beta-3 agonists.