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Finasteride, a drug used for certain conditions, can cause serious side effects like sexual dysfunction, suicidal thoughts, and increased diabetes risk, and there's a need for more awareness and research about these effects.

Narrowband-UVB phototherapy successfully treated a rare case of Graham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome.

Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.

Removing a testicular tumor in a dog reduced its aggressive behavior and skin problems.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, affecting sexual development.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Female pattern hair loss is common, linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome, and treated with topical Minoxidil.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.

Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

The gene SDR5A1 is found in scalp hair of both hirsute and normal individuals, but it does not explain differences in hair growth.

Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

Hirsute women have lower type 2 17β-HSD enzyme levels, which improve with treatment.

The dog's skin condition improved after removing a tumor that was causing hormone imbalances.

Current research explores hair growth drugs, while future research aims for personalized treatments.

Understanding how androgens work is key for creating new treatments for prostate issues and hair/skin conditions.

Finasteride effectively treats hair loss and enlarged prostate in men, with mild side effects.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.

E211 G>A gene linked to lower risk of severe prostate cancer and hair loss.

Recent hair loss research shows some progress, especially in understanding male pattern baldness, but effective treatments for many types of hair loss are still lacking.

Balding and low testosterone increase risk of urinary stones.

Male hormones, particularly DHT, are linked to male pattern hair loss, and treatments like finasteride can help, but they don't work for postmenopausal women's hair loss, which may have different causes.

Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.