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This study found that allergen treatment in alopecia areata mice appeared to alter leukocyte subset distribution and impaired dendritic cell migration, which may affect T-cell activation and hair follicle recovery.

This review discusses how recent studies use models and experiments to understand immune system signaling, but it reports no new clinical findings; the authors suggest strategies for improving these models.

This study found that transgenic cashmere goats overexpressing thymosin beta-4 have a higher secondary to primary hair follicle ratio, suggesting potential for increased cashmere yield.

This study found that over- and ectopic-expression of FoxN1 in early life negatively affected the development of thymic epithelial cells, T and B cells, and skin epithelial cells.

This study found that selectively targeting HDAC4 and HDAC7 in mice can reduce Th17 cell-mediated intestinal inflammation, suggesting a potential treatment approach for Th17-related inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis.

The study suggested certain immune cells might cause alopecia areata, but it was retracted.

This study found that immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, significantly influence stem cell behavior and tissue regeneration by secreting cytokines and inflammatory factors in mice.

In this study, researchers prepared a humanized CXCL12 antibody for alopecia areata treatment, finding it significantly delayed disease onset in mice and reduced immune cell activation, suggesting potential as an immune modulatory therapy.

This study used digital-light-processing bioprinting to create a 3D skin-on-a-chip model with a miniaturized vascular network to closely study immune cell interactions similar to real human skin, demonstrating the potential to analyze immune-T cell trafficking influenced by skin signals.

This study reported that using UVB preirradiation and anti-CD154 antibody treatment in a humanized mouse model prolonged hair follicle allograft survival and reduced immune cell infiltration without needing generalized immunosuppression.

This review discusses the roles of distinct immune cell types in skin wound healing, highlighting findings from animal studies, but provides no new clinical results.

This review explores how mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles may treat various skin diseases by modulating immune responses and promoting healing, though further clinical trials are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy in practice.

In this study, researchers reported that a newly developed interferon-γ release assay for cell-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid peptides demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, making it a robust tool for routine diagnostic tests and potentially useful in predicting clinical outcomes after pathogen re-exposure.

In this study, only a subset of proposed biomarkers universally responded to priming in mesenchymal stromal cells, suggesting limited utility for standardized potency assays across different MSC types and conditions.

This article reviews the emerging non-inflammatory roles of regulatory T cells in the skin and reports no new clinical findings, suggesting broad biological influence beyond traditional immune functions.

In this study, the researchers reported that using a biodegradable ECM scaffold for large-area wound regeneration accelerated wound coverage and improved hair follicle neogenesis by activating the adaptive immune system.

This study found that fibroblast loss in the upper dermis from UVR exposure is linked to a deregulated inflammatory response, with T cells playing a protective role in fibroblast survival.

This study found that topical simvastatin induced remission and hair regrowth in a mouse model of alopecia areata, potentially by modulating T cell activity and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling.

In this study, distinct immune and cellular profiles were observed in adults with atopic dermatitis associated with high levels of Staphylococcus aureus, including increased proinflammatory T cells and markers of skin barrier impairment, pointing to potential therapeutic targets for managing these interactions.

This study reviewed evidence on biologic drugs targeting immune cells for alopecia areata, finding mixed results: some achieved case-level hair regrowth, but controlled trials often showed limited efficacy.

This study demonstrated that disrupting EGFR signaling in mice leads to immune sensitivity compromising the hair follicle's protective environment, but JAK1/2 inhibition can restore this immune privilege and stimulate hair growth, suggesting a potential therapy for scarring hair loss diseases like cicatricial alopecia.

In this animal study, the researchers found that biodegradable extracellular matrix scaffolds accelerated wound healing and enhanced hair follicle neogenesis in mice, suggesting a role for immune systems in tissue regeneration.

This study found that in immunodeficient mice lacking T cells, certain innate lymphoid cell subsets increased and influenced the hair growth cycle, with specific ILC subsets shown to promote anagen, the active phase of hair growth.

This study provides a detailed analysis of cell subpopulations in a mouse model of wound-induced hair follicle regeneration, revealing specific cellular dynamics and heterogeneity that may influence hair follicle neogenesis.

This study found that dermal injection of M-CSF stimulated CD11b + myeloid cells can induce alopecia areata in mice by potentially activating B lymphocytes, offering insight into the disease's pathogenesis.

This study found that UV radiation-induced fibroblast depletion in the skin is primarily due to a deregulated inflammatory response, with T cells aiding fibroblast survival under stress.

This study found that B cells have dual roles in tumor immunity, with regulatory B cells potentially hindering immune responses against tumors in the melanoma mouse model.

Alopecia totalis/universalis involves more intense immune activity and inflammation than patchy alopecia areata.

In this review, researchers conclude that immune imbalance between regulatory and cytotoxic T cells, along with activation of IFN-γ–MHC and IL-15–NK pathways, disrupts hair follicle immune privilege, suggesting pivotal mechanisms in alopecia areata development and potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions.

Alopecia areata involves complex immune cell interactions, especially between CD8+ T cells and macrophages, which could help develop new treatments.