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GlossaryT cells (T-cell)

specialized white blood cells crucial for immune response

T cells, also known as T lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They help protect the body from infections and may also be involved in autoimmune conditions, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. T cells can be further categorized into different types, such as helper T cells, which assist other immune cells, and cytotoxic T cells, which directly kill infected or cancerous cells.

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research Skin CD4+ memory T cells exhibit combined cluster-mediated retention and equilibration with the circulation

155 citations , May 2016 in “Nature communications”

Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.

research Human αβ and γδ T Cells in Skin Immunity and Disease

83 citations , June 2018 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

research The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases?

34 citations , July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.

Adult epidermal Notch activity induces dermal accumulation of T cells and neural crest derivatives through upregulation of jagged 1

research Adult epidermal Notch activity induces dermal accumulation of T cells and neural crest derivatives through upregulation of jagged 1

34 citations , November 2010 in “Development”

Activating Notch in adult skin causes T cells and neural crest cells to gather, leading to skin issues.

Diffuse alopecia areata is associated with intense inflammatory infiltration and CD8+ T cells in hair loss regions and an increase in serum IgE level

research Diffuse alopecia areata is associated with intense inflammatory infiltration and CD8+ T cells in hair loss regions and an increase in serum IgE level

24 citations , January 2012 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

Diffuse alopecia areata involves more inflammation and higher allergy-related antibodies than patchy types.

research Phenotypic Analysis of T-Cells in Extensive Alopecia Areata Scalp Suggests Partial Tolerance

21 citations , February 2006 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

T-cells in alopecia areata scalp show abnormal regulation, leading to less inflammation.

research Distinguishing diffuse alopecia areata (AA) from pattern hair loss (PHL) using CD3+ T cells

19 citations , May 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

CD3+ T-cell presence is a reliable marker to tell apart alopecia areata from pattern hair loss.

research T-Regulating Hair Follicle Stem Cells

14 citations , June 2017 in “Immunity”

Special immune cells called Treg cells are important for maintaining and regenerating hair by activating a specific growth signal in hair stem cells.

Impaired responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to T-cell stimulants in alopecia areata patients with a poor response to topical immunotherapy

research Impaired responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to T-cell stimulants in alopecia areata patients with a poor response to topical immunotherapy

4 citations , July 2008 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Poor response to topical immunotherapy in alopecia areata patients is linked to impaired cell responses.

research TNC+ fibroblasts involve in skin inflammation via neuro-immune and interacting with T cells

September 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

TNC+ fibroblasts play a key role in skin inflammation by interacting with T cells.

research 036 Expanded T cells under lymphopenic condition exhibit memory phenotype and infiltrate around hair follicle

May 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

T cells with memory features grow in number and gather around hair follicles when there are not enough immune cells.

research 1431 Skin aging and hair follicle stem cell dysfunction caused by T cells with defective mitochondrial metabolism

May 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Defective T cell metabolism can cause early skin aging and poor hair follicle stem cell function.

research 035 Expansion of bacterial phosphatidylglycerol reactive CD4+ T cells in atopic dermatitis

May 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

People with atopic dermatitis have more CD4+ T cells that respond to a certain bacterial lipid, which may play a role in the skin condition's inflammation.

research P130 The densities of T cells, Langerhans cells, and natural killer cells in uninvolved skin of patients with acne vulgaris

September 1997 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

People with acne have more CD4+ immune cells in their skin than healthy people.

research Regulatory T-Cells: Potential Regulator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration

188 citations , March 2018 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.

research Regulatory T Cells: the Many Faces of Foxp3

125 citations , September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.

research Imbalance of T‐helper 17 and regulatory T cells in patients with alopecia areata

62 citations , June 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

People with alopecia areata have more Th17 cells and fewer Treg cells, which may be key to the condition's development.

Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCRβ-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease

research Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCRβ-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease

30 citations , July 2019 in “PloS one”

Patients with Alopecia areata have fewer specific immune cells that normally regulate the immune system, which may contribute to the condition.

research Role of regulatory T cells in pathogenesis and therapeutics of alopecia areata

January 2024 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Increasing regulatory T cells may help treat alopecia areata by reducing autoimmunity and promoting hair growth.

1373 Expression of programmed cell death 1 inversely correlated with the density of CD8+ T cells infiltrating hair follicles in alopecia areata

research 1373 Expression of programmed cell death 1 inversely correlated with the density of CD8+ T cells infiltrating hair follicles in alopecia areata

May 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Higher PD-1 levels are linked to fewer immune cells in hair follicles in alopecia areata.

research 1349 Stimulation of hair follicle stem cell proliferation through an IL-1α dependent activation of γδT-cells

May 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Certain immune cells, when activated by specific signals, can encourage hair growth.

research Cutting Edge: Memory Regulatory T Cells Require IL-7 and Not IL-2 for Their Maintenance in Peripheral Tissues

140 citations , May 2013 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

Memory regulatory T cells need IL-7, not IL-2, to stay in peripheral tissues.

research Regulatory T cells in skin

110 citations , August 2017 in “Immunology”

Skin's Regulatory T cells are crucial for maintaining skin health and could be targeted to treat immune-related skin diseases and cancer.

research Local heroes or villains: tissue-resident memory T cells in human health and disease

67 citations , January 2020 in “Cellular & Molecular Immunology/Cellular & molecular immunology”

Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.

research Resident Memory T Cells in Autoimmune Skin Diseases

50 citations , May 2021 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Certain immune cells contribute to skin autoimmune diseases, and some treatments can reverse hair loss in these conditions.

research Regulatory T cells in inflammatory skin disease: from mice to humans

43 citations , February 2019 in “International immunology”

Special immune cells called Regulatory T cells help control skin inflammation and repair in various skin diseases.

research Malt1 Protease Is Critical in Maintaining Function of Regulatory T Cells and May Be a Therapeutic Target for Antitumor Immunity

39 citations , May 2019 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

Malt1 protease is essential for regulatory T cell function and could be targeted to boost antitumor immunity.

research Regulatory T cells are required for normal and activin‐promoted wound repair in mice

29 citations , March 2018 in “European Journal of Immunology”

Regulatory T cells are essential for normal and improved wound healing in mice.

research Regulatory T cells in autoimmune skin diseases

24 citations , April 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Treg dysfunction is linked to various autoimmune skin diseases, and understanding Treg properties is key for new treatments.

research Regulatory T‐cells in alopecia areata

21 citations , May 2019 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology”

People with alopecia areata have fewer regulatory T-cells than those with other skin conditions.