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GlossaryT cells (T-cell)

specialized white blood cells crucial for immune response

T cells, also known as T lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They help protect the body from infections and may also be involved in autoimmune conditions, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. T cells can be further categorized into different types, such as helper T cells, which assist other immune cells, and cytotoxic T cells, which directly kill infected or cancerous cells.

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research Skin CD4+ Memory T Cells Exhibit Combined Cluster-Mediated Retention and Equilibration with the Circulation

155 citations, May 2016 in “Nature communications”

Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.

research Human αβ and γδ T Cells in Skin Immunity and Disease

83 citations, June 2018 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

T Helper 17 Cell/Regulatory T-Cell Imbalance in Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa: The Link to Hair Follicle Dissection, Obesity, Smoking, and Autoimmune Comorbidities

research T Helper 17 Cell/Regulatory T-Cell Imbalance in Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa: The Link to Hair Follicle Dissection, Obesity, Smoking, and Autoimmune Comorbidities

66 citations, March 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

research Hair Follicle Mesenchyme-Associated PD-L1 Regulates T-Cell Activation Induced Apoptosis: A Potential Mechanism of Immune Privilege

53 citations, September 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Hair follicle cells help protect against immune attacks by regulating T-cell activity.

Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis

research Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis

53 citations, August 2019 in “American journal of human genetics”

FOXN1 gene variants cause low T cells and immune issues from birth.

research High-Throughput T Cell Receptor Sequencing Identifies Clonally Expanded CD8+ T Cell Populations in Alopecia Areata

46 citations, October 2018 in “JCI insight”

CD8+ T cells are involved in alopecia areata and may cause disease relapse.

Adult Epidermal Notch Activity Induces Dermal Accumulation of T Cells and Neural Crest Derivatives Through Upregulation of Jagged 1

research Adult Epidermal Notch Activity Induces Dermal Accumulation of T Cells and Neural Crest Derivatives Through Upregulation of Jagged 1

34 citations, November 2010 in “Development”

Activating Notch in adult skin causes T cells and neural crest cells to gather, leading to skin issues.

research The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases

34 citations, July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.

research T Cell–Mediated Acute Localized Exanthematous Pustulosis Caused by Finasteride

25 citations, February 2012 in “The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

Finasteride caused a rare skin rash in a man, which improved after stopping the medication.

Diffuse Alopecia Areata Is Associated With Intense Inflammatory Infiltration and CD8+ T Cells in Hair Loss Regions and an Increase in Serum IgE Level

research Diffuse Alopecia Areata Is Associated With Intense Inflammatory Infiltration and CD8+ T Cells in Hair Loss Regions and an Increase in Serum IgE Level

24 citations, January 2012 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

Diffuse alopecia areata involves more inflammation and higher allergy-related antibodies than patchy types.

research Low-Dose IL-2 for Treating Moderate to Severe Alopecia Areata: A 52-Week Multicenter Prospective Placebo-Controlled Study Assessing Its Impact on T Regulatory Cell and NK Cell Populations

22 citations, September 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The study's results on the effectiveness of low-dose IL-2 for alopecia areata and its impact on immune cells were not provided.

research Phenotypic Analysis of T-Cells in Extensive Alopecia Areata Scalp Suggests Partial Tolerance

21 citations, December 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

T-cells in alopecia areata scalp show abnormal regulation, leading to less inflammation.

Alopecia Areata But Not Androgenetic Alopecia Is Characterized By A Restricted And Oligoclonal T-Cell Receptor-Repertoire Among Infiltrating Lymphocytes

research Alopecia Areata But Not Androgenetic Alopecia Is Characterized By A Restricted And Oligoclonal T-Cell Receptor-Repertoire Among Infiltrating Lymphocytes

19 citations, March 1997 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Alopecia areata involves specific T-cells, unlike androgenetic alopecia.

research Distinguishing Diffuse Alopecia Areata from Pattern Hair Loss Using CD3+ T Cells

19 citations, February 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

CD3+ T-cell presence is a reliable marker to tell apart alopecia areata from pattern hair loss.

research Regulating Hair Follicle Stem Cells

14 citations, June 2017 in “Immunity”

Special immune cells called Treg cells are important for maintaining and regenerating hair by activating a specific growth signal in hair stem cells.

MmuPV1 Infection and Tumor Development in T Cell-Deficient Mice Prevented by Passively Transferred Hyperimmune Sera from Normal Congenic Mice Immunized with MmuPV1 Virus-Like Particles

research MmuPV1 Infection and Tumor Development in T Cell-Deficient Mice Prevented by Passively Transferred Hyperimmune Sera from Normal Congenic Mice Immunized with MmuPV1 Virus-Like Particles

14 citations, January 2016 in “Experimental and molecular pathology”

Giving immune serum from vaccinated mice to mice without T cells prevents infection and tumor growth.

research Induction of T Cell Exhaustion by JAK1/3 Inhibition in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

13 citations, September 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Ifidancitinib, a JAK inhibitor, effectively regrows hair in mice with alopecia by tiring out harmful T cells.

Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Hair Regrowth and Lesional T-Cell Cytokine Expression in Alopecia Areata: A Randomized Observer-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Split-Head Pilot Study

research Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Hair Regrowth and Lesional T-Cell Cytokine Expression in Alopecia Areata: A Randomized Observer-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Split-Head Pilot Study

9 citations, December 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Platelet-rich plasma may help restore immune balance in bald patches, but its effectiveness in treating hair loss is limited.

Androgenetic Alopecia May Be Associated With Weaker COVID-19 T-Cell Immune Response: An Insight Into a Potential COVID-19 Vaccine Booster

research Androgenetic Alopecia May Be Associated With Weaker COVID-19 T-Cell Immune Response: An Insight Into a Potential COVID-19 Vaccine Booster

9 citations, November 2020 in “Medical Hypotheses”

Hair loss may link to weaker COVID-19 immunity, suggesting possible need for extra vaccine boost.

T-Cell Induced-Self MHC Class I/Peptide Complexes May Enable De Novo Tolerance Induction to Neo-Antigens Occurring Outside of the Thymus

research T-Cell Induced-Self MHC Class I/Peptide Complexes May Enable De Novo Tolerance Induction to Neo-Antigens Occurring Outside of the Thymus

8 citations, October 2016 in “Experimental dermatology”

Hair follicles may help teach the immune system to tolerate new self-antigens, but this can sometimes cause hair loss.

research T-Cell Reconstitution After Thymus Xenotransplantation Induces Hair Depigmentation and Loss

7 citations, January 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

T-cell reconstitution after thymus transplantation can cause hair whitening and loss.

research Exploring Mast Cell–CD8 T Cell Interactions in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

6 citations, January 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Mast cells and CD8 T cells interact closely in skin diseases, affecting each other's behavior and contributing to conditions like psoriasis and eczema.

research Inhibition of T-Cell Activity in Alopecia Areata: Recent Developments and New Directions

4 citations, November 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology”

New treatments targeting T-cell pathways are needed for better alopecia areata management.

Impaired Responses of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to T-Cell Stimulants in Alopecia Areata Patients with a Poor Response to Topical Immunotherapy

research Impaired Responses of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to T-Cell Stimulants in Alopecia Areata Patients with a Poor Response to Topical Immunotherapy

4 citations, July 2008 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Poor response to topical immunotherapy in alopecia areata patients is linked to impaired cell responses.

research High Throughput T Cell Receptor Sequencing Identifies Clonally Expanded CD8+ T Cell Populations in Alopecia Areata

1 citations, November 2018 in “immuneACCESS”

Expanded CD8+ T cells are linked to Alopecia Areata and may cause relapse after treatment.

research TNC+ Fibroblasts Involved in Skin Inflammation via Neuro-Immune Interactions with T Cells

September 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

TNC+ fibroblasts play a key role in skin inflammation by interacting with T cells.

research The Potential of Regulatory T Cell-Based Therapies for Alopecia Areata

May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Treg cell-based therapies might help treat hair loss from alopecia areata, but more research is needed to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Expression of Programmed Cell Death 1 Inversely Correlated With the Density of CD8+ T Cells Infiltrating Hair Follicles in Alopecia Areata

research Expression of Programmed Cell Death 1 Inversely Correlated With the Density of CD8+ T Cells Infiltrating Hair Follicles in Alopecia Areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Higher PD-1 levels are linked to fewer immune cells in hair follicles in alopecia areata.

research T Cell and Bacterial Microbiota Interaction at Intestinal and Skin Epithelial Interfaces

January 2023 in “Discovery immunology”

T cells and bacteria in the gut and skin help maintain health and protect against disease.

MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata

research MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata

January 2023 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology”

A substance called miR-1246 may help treat severe hair loss by reducing certain immune cell activities.