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This case report describes a rare instance of sarcoidal granulomatous alopecia areata in a 42-year-old man, with histopathological findings suggesting inflammation but ruling out causes like tuberculosis and syphilis, resulting in treatment with tofacitinib.

In this study, type I interferon response-related genes activated by RIG-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways were significantly up-regulated in both hair follicles and skin tissues affected by chronic discoidal lupus erythematosus.

This study found that type I interferon response-related genes activated by RIG-1 and IL-17 pathways were significantly up-regulated in hair follicle and skin samples with chronic discoidal lupus erythematosus.

This chapter reviews common drug-related and systemic disorder-induced alopecias, focusing on their epidemiology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, but reports no new findings.

In this study, researchers found that in mouse models of alopecia areata, the expression of immune-regulating molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2 in dermal fibroblasts is increased by activated T cells, potentially indicating a lack of negative immune control in affected skin.

This study identified seven genes that may serve as biomarkers for diagnosing skin cutaneous melanoma by analyzing the relationship between UV exposure, ferroptosis, and the cancer's pathology.

Immune cells called Treg cells are essential for hair growth and regeneration.

This review explores recent findings on regulatory T cells, focusing on their unique functions in non-lymphoid tissues and new mechanisms of action, but presents no original clinical results.

This review discusses the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights emerging immunomodulatory strategies and novel therapeutic targets aimed at offering more effective and durable treatments for this autoimmune hair loss disorder.

JAK inhibitors and platelet-rich plasma show promise for treating alopecia areata.

This source reports that thymosin beta 4 accelerated dermal wound repair in phase 2 clinical trials for pressure ulcers, stasis ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa wounds and was well tolerated.

This study found that alopecia areata is associated with distinct systemic and tissue immune signatures, with macrophages implicated as contributors to hair loss, suggesting potential therapeutic targeting of macrophage activity.

This study tested a hydrogel microneedle patch delivering T reg attractants in mice with alopecia, finding it boosted regulatory T cell numbers at the site, leading to hair regrowth without causing peripheral immunosuppression, suggesting a potential new approach for autoimmune skin disease treatment.

This study found that in rats, combined treatment with finasteride and doxazosin altered epithelial cell behavior and matrix metalloproteinases activity, suggesting effects possibly mediated by TGF-β1 and androgen pathways.

This case study suggests that autoimmunity involving cytotoxic CD8+ T cells may link alopecia areata and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1-associated myelopathy in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients.

In this study, treatment with IL-2C to expand Tregs effectively halted hair loss progression in a murine model of alopecia areata.

This study found that certain proteins linked to immune suppression and melanogenesis are associated with repigmentation in vitiligo patients undergoing standard treatment, suggesting these proteins and their pathways play roles distinct from merely reversing skin lesions.

This case study reports that a combination of PUVA therapy and oral methyl prednisolone initially improved symptoms of a woman's cutaneous T-cell lymphoma but required ongoing treatment due to recurrence.

This study found that using 'moha: 5-in-1' hair oil for 8 weeks significantly reduced hair fall, increased hair growth rate and thickness, and decreased scalp dandruff among healthy adults with alopecia, with no adverse effects reported.

This preliminary study observed that topical nitrogen mustard was beneficial for only 1 out of 6 patients with extensive alopecia areata, with 4 patients not completing the trial.

This study found that formalin-induced pain in rats nearly eliminates testosterone in the brain and spinal cord by likely increasing 5α-reductase activity, but normalizes serum levels after 24 hours.

This study found that Baricitinib significantly reduced hair loss and immune response in a mouse model of alopecia areata.

This study found that the presence of CD3(+) T-cells within empty follicular fibrous tracts is a reliable indicator for diagnosing diffuse alopecia areata instead of pattern hair loss.

This study found that the novel drug VDC-1101 showed a 45% objective response rate in treating canine cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, offering a potential treatment option for this challenging disease.

In this study, researchers found that BST2 expression is significantly upregulated in skin sections of mice with alopecia areata, implicating BST2's role in the disease pathogenesis through the action of epidermal γδ T cells and macrophages.

In this study, researchers observed that follicular damage and stem cell loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia may be mediated by immune attacks at the bulge region, suggesting potential for JAK/STAT-targeting treatments to prevent progression.

This study observed that 2.5% of patients with mycosis fungoides or Szary syndrome experienced alopecia, predominantly within skin lesions, with scalp metastases from other cancers also potentially causing hair loss, highlighting the diagnostic value of trichoscopy in differentiating alopecia types.

In this study, blocking the CXCR3 receptor in mice prevented the development of alopecia areata by inhibiting the accumulation of specific T cells in the skin, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for humans.

This review discusses sex differences in immune response to respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, and highlights that hormones like estrogen may provide females with better protection, but it reports no new results.

This study found that in PCOS patients, variations in the lipin 1 gene, particularly the intron 1 SNP, may protect against insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, highlighting a potential genetic factor in the disorder's cardiometabolic complications.