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This review describes various T-cell-mediated alopecias characterized by distinct lymphocytic patterns and explores their pathophysiology. It highlights the role of CD8+ and regulatory T cells, the JAK/STAT pathway, and stem cell niches, contributing to understanding and potentially addressing these hair loss conditions.

In this study using a mouse model and human data, researchers found that CD8+ T cells are central to driving alopecia areata, while regulatory T cells offer some protection, highlighting CD8+ T cells as key targets for future therapy development.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly lower T cell numbers and reduced lymphocyte responses compared to healthy controls, correlated with hair loss severity and presence of antithyroid antibodies.

This study found that IFN-γ plays a critical role in T cell activation and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice.

Langerhans cells are crucial for skin immunity and allergic reactions.

This review discusses the effects of valproic acid on immune cell activation and gene expression, potentially influencing infection outcomes and suggesting its promise for autoimmune and hypersensitivity condition management.

In this study, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) induced IL-4/IL-13 from T cells, prompting sebum secretion and adipose loss, suggesting IL-4/IL-13 may affect skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis.

This article reviews potential factors influencing Behçet's disease, like increased neutrophil functions, immunological changes, stress, and hormonal alterations, but it presents no new clinical results.

ZNF750 and MPZL3 are important in causing seborrheic dermatitis.

This study suggests that mechanical tension significantly impacts lymphocyte function, and that a complete lymphocyte population is essential for effective wound healing and reducing inflammation.

This study found that CD44 and CD49d together enhance signaling pathways in lymphocytes in mice with alopecia areata, influencing their activation and function.

This review found a significant immunological link between diffuse alopecia areata and autoimmune thyroid disorders, particularly Hashimoto's thyroiditis, highlighting the importance of early recognition and thyroid function evaluation to improve clinical management and avoid diagnostic delays.

In this study, neoadjuvant treatment with durvalumab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with driver gene-negative stage III NSCLC showed a 65% objective response rate and was associated with high pathological response rates and improved immune function, with most adverse events being mild.

This study observed that NSG-hu-BLT mice developed graft-versus-host disease characterized by CD8+ T lymphocyte-related cell death in the skin and liver, which may affect their utility in other research areas.

Enhancing regulatory T cells may help treat autoimmune diseases like alopecia areata.

This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.

This review discusses the preclinical and clinical data on teriflunomide for multiple sclerosis, highlighting its selective action on immune cells without causing clinical immune suppression, and provides no new clinical results.

This review discusses the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of alopecia areata, exploring potential environmental, immunological, and genetic factors involved in its development, but reports no new research findings.

This study found that 3D spheroid culture reprogrammed mesenchymal stem cells into a uniform immunosuppressive phenotype, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for inflammatory diseases like psoriasis.

This review discusses the protective roles of skin-resident immune cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis and facilitating wound healing, but reports no new experimental findings.

This review discusses emerging research areas in alopecia areata pathobiology, highlighting the potential roles of unconventional immune cells and the need for more targeted therapeutic strategies, but reports no new experimental results.

North American ginseng extract helped regrow hair in balding mice.

This study found that DEB-BACE combined with systemic chemotherapy was more effective than chemotherapy alone for unresectable lung squamous cell carcinoma, reducing side effects and improving survival rates.

This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.

This review examines the role of innate lymphoid cells in allergic diseases and the influence of an allergic microenvironment on their plasticity, without reporting new clinical outcomes.

In this experimental study, laser irradiation significantly altered the gene expression of cytokines in cultured human T-cell lymphocytes, suggesting that such laser light may photobiomodulate cytokine production in vitro.

This study observed that patients with alopecia areata often have a T-cell receptor repertoire in skin lesions that suggests a specific antigen-driven immune response may be important in the disease's pathogenesis.

This study found that Th17 lymphocytes may play a more crucial role than cytotoxic T cells in the development of alopecia areata due to their infiltration around the hair bulb/bulge, which exacerbates hair loss as histopathological grade worsens.

In this study, researchers using a Treg-specific HuR-deficient mouse model found that the RNA-binding protein HuR is crucial for stabilizing Foxp3 mRNA, affecting Treg function and immune regulation, with HuR disruption leading to impaired Foxp3 expression and potential autoimmune dysfunction.

This study found that γδTregs can prevent and treat alopecia areata in a mouse model with human scalp transplants, suggesting potential for cell-based therapies in autoimmune diseases like alopecia.