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Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.

The research found that hair follicle–derived cytokines, particularly IL-15 and IL-7, regulate skin-resident memory T cells and their role in both immune homeostasis and lymphoma in the skin.

In this study, researchers reported that a newly developed interferon-γ release assay for cell-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid peptides demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, making it a robust tool for routine diagnostic tests and potentially useful in predicting clinical outcomes after pathogen re-exposure.

This study found distinct gene expression profiles in alopecia areata-affected skin, suggesting T-cell mediated immune responses and unique gene profiles between different stages of the disease.

This review discusses how urban air pollutants may influence the regulation of JAK3 signaling in alopecia areata and reports no new experimental results; the authors integrate existing data to map potential pathways and biomarkers.

This review highlights recent insights into how IL-15 influences T cell responses and contributes to immunopathogenesis in various diseases, suggesting its crucial role in TCR-independent activation and potential in optimizing therapeutic strategies.

This study suggests that SOCS3 treatment may effectively inhibit alopecia areata by suppressing CD8+ T cell activity and IFN-γ production.

In this study, researchers identified 19 genetic risk loci and highlighted 16 candidate causal genes, including immune-related ones, associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing the role of specific immune cells like T cells and NK cells in its pathogenesis.

This study identified 19 genetic risk loci and 16 potential causal genes related to PCOS, highlighting the role of immune cell-specific mechanisms in its pathogenesis.

This review summarizes existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for improved topical formulations.

This study found that 363 genes were differentially expressed in alopecia areata skin compared to non-lesional skin, suggesting T-cell mediated immune responses and distinct gene profiles related to the disease's stage.

In this study, researchers found that the loss of SETDB1 in epidermal keratinocytes led to altered chromatin states, increased ERV expression, and activation of immune responses, while inhibiting these effects with certain antiviral drugs reduced skin inflammation and hair loss in a mouse model.

This article reports that cocaine injections can lead to skin lesions containing talc crystals at the sites of injection.

This report describes a case where an elderly woman developed alopecia areata shortly after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, which was effectively treated with topical tacrolimus and minoxidil.

This study found a specific T cell receptor that may be key in carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata have lower levels of sCD83, a protein which, when supplemented in a mouse model, reversed disease symptoms and supported regulatory T cell proliferation, possibly by interacting with IDO activity.

This source does not report original research findings but reviews the mechanisms and challenges of immune response and immunosuppressive management in liver transplantation.

This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.

This study identified keratins as autoantigens in alopecia areata and found that a tolerogenic form of keratin application delayed disease progression in mice by affecting T-cell responses.

This case report describes the first dermoscopic evaluation of alopecia areata-like disease in a dog, where the condition mirrored human cases in terms of clinical presentation and treatment response.

This study found that pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic mechanisms, specifically involving granzyme B and Fas pathways, are associated with chronic alopecia areata, indicating their potential role in the disease's persistence.

This report details a case study where a 40-year-old woman experienced allergic contact dermatitis and angioedema-like symptoms after using PPD-containing hair dye. Patch testing confirmed a positive reaction to PPD, highlighting the substance's potential to cause both T-cell and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.

This review discusses the role of the long form of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in cutaneous immune-mediated diseases and reports no new results.

This study found that in patients with alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis, 61.5% showed improvement with dupilumab treatment, but 38.5% experienced worsened or new-onset alopecia areata, with higher baseline IgE levels linked to better responses.

This study found that mouse skin CD4(+) memory T cells are in equilibrium with the circulation under steady state but increase in specific clusters in response to infection or inflammation.

This review discusses recent findings on the efficacy of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata, highlighting their role in reversing hair loss by targeting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, though questions about their effectiveness and safety remain.

In this study, a 55-year-old man with a localized patch of alopecia areata achieved hair regrowth through intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections, demonstrating this treatment as an effective initial therapy for localized alopecia areata.

Bexarotene 1% topical gel helped some patients with alopecia areata regrow hair.

This study identified shared gene expression changes and immune cell infiltration patterns that may contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata and cutaneous lupus erythematosus, but also highlighted factors that might preserve hair in psoriasis patients.

This study found that RANKL signaling enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-viral immunity during herpes simplex virus infection by preventing apoptosis of Langerhans cells, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.