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Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.

Humans lost body hair relatively recently in evolution.

Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.

Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.

The AUTS2 gene is linked to neurological disorders and may affect human brain development and cognition.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

The document concludes that cosmetic surgery is still mainly a practice for women and the gender gap in this field is expected to continue.

Acne treatment varies, with topical and systemic therapies effective, and more research needed on treatment order and long-term effects.

Women with PCOS often have skin problems like excessive hair, acne, hair loss, and dark patches, which can be treated with hormonal and non-hormonal therapies.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.

Finasteride use changes brain chemicals, causing lasting sexual issues and anxiety/depression.

Finasteride and dutasteride effectively treat hair loss, but may cause side effects like sexual dysfunction and depression.

Compartmentalized organization might be crucial for stem cells to effectively respond to growth or injury.

Finasteride affects brain and blood steroids, causing lasting sexual and emotional side effects.

Some drugs may reduce prostatitis symptoms short-term with few side effects.

Finasteride and minoxidil work best together for hair loss.

Jaw wiring helps with weight loss but long-term habits are needed to keep it off.

Possible new treatments for common hair loss include drugs, stem cells, and improved transplants.

People with hair loss conditions experience more anxiety, depression, and a lower quality of life than those without these conditions.

Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.

Researchers developed a 3D model of human hair follicle cells that can help understand hair growth and test new hair loss treatments.

Adult female acne requires a comprehensive treatment approach, including medical options and lifestyle changes, with attention to psychological well-being.

The article suggests using four questions to tell apart necessary medicalization from excessive medicalization, focusing on problem significance, social expectations, medical understanding, and effective resolution.

Cell-based therapies using dermal papilla cells and adipocyte lineage cells show potential for hair regeneration.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.

Finasteride treatment changes brain steroid levels and receptors, affecting brain function even after stopping treatment.

5α reductase inhibitors treat hair loss but may cause sexual side effects and risks.