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Azathioprine's effectiveness and safety require careful monitoring and more research, especially regarding its use with corticosteroids and the role of TPMT status in patients.

Topical finasteride and flutamide reduce gland size and enzyme activity, with flutamide being more potent, potentially treating acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia.

Blocking the androgen receptor in skin cells reduces their growth response to male hormones, suggesting a possible treatment for skin conditions linked to androgens.

Ethosomes improve drug delivery through the skin but may have side effects like irritation.

Minoxidil effectively treats hair loss, works better for women, and requires consistent use.

New pregnane derivatives are effective at inhibiting an enzyme linked to hair loss and reducing oil gland activity.

New research is needed to create better drugs that block the enzyme responsible for conditions like male baldness and prostate enlargement.

Researchers found that most genes affecting drug responses are not fully covered by commercial SNP chips, suggesting the need for more comprehensive tools to optimize drug selection based on genetics.

Researchers created a lab model to study human hair growth, showing it can grow and self-regulate outside the body.

Hair color and length affect metabolite profiles in hair, so they should be considered in hair analysis.

Children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have thicker heart fat and are at higher risk for heart problems and early atherosclerosis.

The document concludes that hair biology is complex and there are still unanswered questions about hair loss and follicle changes.

Propylene glycol and ethanol increase finasteride skin absorption, sodium lauryl sulfate doesn't.

The document concludes that secondary syphilis cases are increasing and often misdiagnosed, pityriasis rubra pilaris can be distinguished from psoriasis by skin cell features, and different skin layers produce specific components during skin repair.

Segmental hair analysis can track testosterone over time but needs adjustments for sex, hair color, and washing frequency.

Personalized thiopurine dosing based on NUDT15 genotyping can improve long-term outcomes for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients.

Hair analysis can somewhat track past testosterone levels but is influenced by factors like hair washing, growth rate, sex, and hair color.

Herbal remedies can cause adverse effects and need more safety research.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Lecithin organogels could be good for applying drugs to the skin because they are stable, safe, and can improve drug absorption.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Some herbal therapies may help with skin conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

The document concludes that developing generic topical drugs requires ensuring they match the original in quality, composition, and structure, and often involves complex testing and regulatory steps.

Human hair follicle organ culture is a useful model for hair research with potential for studying hair biology and testing treatments.

Mouse hair follicle cells briefly grow during the early hair growth phase, showing that these cells are important for starting the hair cycle.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

Liposomes and niosomes improve finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment.