Androgenetic alopecia, or hair loss, is caused by a mix of genetics, hormones, and environment, where testosterone affects hair growth and causes hair to become smaller and grow for a shorter time.
December 2022 in “Frontiers in Microbiology” The scalp microbiome is more diverse and may be more important in hair loss than the gut microbiome.
306 citations,
August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle” Enobosarm significantly increased muscle mass and improved physical function in elderly men and postmenopausal women without serious side effects.
115 citations,
August 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Modulating Cytochrome P450 activity could help develop new skin disease treatments.
76 citations,
January 2010 in “Journal of bone and mineral metabolism” 67 citations,
December 2013 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” SCD1 is crucial for skin health and overall energy balance.
59 citations,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
58 citations,
March 2011 in “Pflügers Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere/Pflügers Archiv” Hormones and signaling pathways control sebaceous gland function and could help treat acne.
55 citations,
May 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
54 citations,
October 2010 in “Clinics in dermatology” Diet, especially dairy and high-sugar foods, can cause acne.
45 citations,
December 2006 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Vitamin D and its receptor are essential for hair growth, cell regulation, immune function, and heart health.
36 citations,
February 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The vitamin D receptor can work without its usual activating molecule.
32 citations,
January 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Melatonin, a hormone, can help protect skin from aging by reducing stress, inflammation, and damage, and may also help treat hair loss in women.
32 citations,
December 2015 in “PloS one” P144® improves hypertrophic scars by reducing size and thickness and increasing elasticity.
29 citations,
March 2010 in “Cancer epidemiology” Men who start losing hair at age 30 may have a lower risk of prostate cancer.
28 citations,
November 2018 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” CXXC5 is a protein that controls cell growth and healing processes, and changes in its activity can lead to diseases like cancer and hair loss.
24 citations,
September 2014 in “PloS one” Thyroid hormone receptors are essential for hair growth and wound healing.
18 citations,
July 2015 in “Drug Healthcare and Patient Safety” Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can increase heart risks, especially in men with heart conditions.
16 citations,
January 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Certain daily habits like stress, diet, and sleep can affect the severity of hair loss in alopecia areata.
16 citations,
November 2021 in “Antioxidants” Managing oxidative stress might help treat low testosterone and related chronic diseases in aging men.
16 citations,
September 2019 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Mice without certain skin enzymes have faster hair growth and bigger eye glands.
15 citations,
August 2010 in “Fertility and sterility” Metformin works better for adolescent girls with PCOS who have certain genetic variations.
15 citations,
March 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” As skin cells mature, vitamin D receptor levels decrease while retinoid X receptor α levels increase.
11 citations,
November 2021 in “JBMR plus” The vitamin D receptor can act without its usual activating molecule, affecting hair growth and skin cancer, but its full range of actions is not well understood.
10 citations,
January 2019 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” Certain variations in the vitamin D receptor gene are linked to an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome.
7 citations,
January 2019 in “Journal of clinical medicine research” Menopause causes significant changes in the vaginal introitus, but less so in the labia majora, which may lead to symptoms of vaginal atrophy.
5 citations,
January 2021 in “PeerJ” Elephant tail-hair can show past stress levels, matching times when stressful events happened.
3 citations,
May 2023 in “Biomedicines” PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.
3 citations,
June 2017 in “Reproductive biomedicine online” A certain mutation in the fetal alpha 5-reductase gene is linked to a higher risk of late miscarriage.
2 citations,
October 2022 in “Current Allergy and Asthma Reports” Biologic therapies can cause various adverse events, but allergy/immunology clinicians can manage them.