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Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.

Humans lost body hair relatively recently in evolution.

Researchers developed promising agents for prostate cancer imaging, with the best one showing high potential for clinical use.

Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.

Use minoxidil for hair loss treatment; assess results after 6 months.

Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.

Facial feminization surgery is effective in helping transgender women appear more feminine and has high patient satisfaction.

Fat-derived stem cells show promise for skin repair and reducing aging signs but need more research for consistent results.

The document concludes that specific cells are essential for hair growth and more research is needed to understand how to maintain their hair-inducing properties.

Modulating BMP activity changes the number, size, shape, and type of ectodermal organs.

Silver nanoparticles coated with substances like PEG showed strong antibacterial effects and improved wound healing when used in hydrogels.

Choosing the right patients, using proper techniques, and having thorough knowledge are key to preventing and managing dermal filler complications.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.

Cepharanthine is a well-tolerated drug with multiple medical uses, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

Platelet-rich plasma might help with hair growth and skin conditions, but more research is needed to prove its effectiveness and safety.

The document concludes that while significant progress has been made in understanding skin biology and stem cells, more research is needed to fully understand their interactions with their environment.

Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair regrowth, while treatments for alopecia areata have varying success and continuous treatment is necessary.

Minoxidil effectively treats hair loss, but use cautiously and monitor side effects.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

No effective treatment for frontal fibrosing alopecia was found, but oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors had the best response; for lichen planopilaris, topical corticosteroids were commonly used but had a high relapse rate.

Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.

Folliculitis decalvans is a rare scalp condition causing scarring hair loss, treated with long-term antibiotics and other medications, but it often comes back and is hard to manage.