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This chapter reviews the presence and roles of stem cells in various body systems, focusing on their lifelong function in animals and humans, and reports no new experimental findings.

This study found that Runx1 in hair follicle stem cells modulates lipid metabolism, impacting membrane organization and enhancing signal transduction for cell proliferation in both normal and cancer epithelial cells.

This review discusses the role of intermediate filaments in cell signaling and differentiation, emphasizing their impact on stem cell function, development, and disease, but reports no new clinical results.

T cells and bacteria in the gut and skin help maintain health and protect against disease.

This review discusses the role of collagen XVII in maintaining stem cell niches and its impact on skin aging and wound repair, without reporting new clinical results.

This review examines glycopeptide hydrogels as biomimetic materials for tissue regeneration and other biomedical applications, describing their design, properties, and potential uses, and highlighting future advancements in replicating natural tissue environments for precision medicine.

This review discusses advanced techniques for investigating stem cell fate at the single-cell level, including lineage tracing, time-lapse imaging, and molecular profiling, but reports no new research results.

This study found that a newly developed injectable hydrogel combined with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells significantly accelerated wound healing and reduced inflammation in full-thickness cutaneous wounds.

This study found that stem cells derived from spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy patients exhibited reduced androgen receptor levels and HDAC6, providing potential insights into the disease mechanism for future therapies.

This study found that keratin derivatives with functionalized thiol groups improved binding to both natural and bleached hair fibers, suggesting a promising strategy for enhancing keratin's durability in hair repair.

This study found that Bacillus/Trapa japonica fruit ferment filtrate extracts enhanced human hair follicle dermal papilla cell proliferation through the Akt/ERK/GSK-3β signaling pathway, suggesting potential benefits for alopecia treatment.

This review discusses the heterogeneity of Tregs in normal and tumor environments, emphasizing the complexity of targeting tumor-resident Tregs while maintaining systemic immune tolerance, but reports no new findings.

This review examines apoptotic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in skin homeostasis and related diseases but presents no new research findings.

This review examines the role of Hairless, a nuclear receptor corepressor, in regulating Wnt signaling during hair cycling and reports no new clinical results.

In this study, researchers found that pregnant mice exposed to excessive androgen led to thinner ventricular walls and cardiac hypertrophy in offspring, suggesting that prenatal androgen exposure adversely affects cardiac health through reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation.

In this study, high expression of S100A4 in glioblastoma was associated with worse patient survival and promoted tumor progression by enhancing pro-tumorigenic vascular functions.

This article reviews evidence suggesting that vitamin D may help manage Hashimoto’s thyroiditis by affecting immune pathways and improving thyroid function, though more research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.

This study reported that adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium demonstrated anti-tumorigenic effects on B16 melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo, indicating potential for future melanoma treatment.

In this study, the researchers reported that Notch/CSL signaling is crucial for hair follicle differentiation, with Wnt5a signaling and FoxN1 acting as mediators in mice.

This study found that a nanoparticle-in-nanofiber system significantly accelerated wound healing in rats by promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration more effectively than a commercial wound dressing.

This study on Indian dromedary camel breeds investigated the KRTAP7 protein, finding all four breeds shared an identical gene sequence, with 13 phosphorylation and glycosylation sites influencing hair characteristics, alongside predicted interactions with other biosynthesis-related proteins.

This study explores the medicinal and environmental applications of Physalis species, highlighting the wound healing properties of Physalis angulata L. and the antibacterial and antitumor activities of its fruit extracts.

This review highlights the role of plant-derived organic selenium compounds, noting their high bioavailability and low toxicity, and provides a comprehensive overview of selenium's uptake in plants and metabolism in humans, offering a theoretical basis for future nutritional research.

This review summarizes the bioactive compounds and pharmacological functions of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., emphasizing its potential in developing health-related products, and notes that further research is needed.

This study found that Cutl1 mutant mice experienced retarded lung differentiation and abnormal hair follicle morphogenesis, indicating the vital role of CDP in lung development and hair follicle cell-lineage specification.

This study found that non-vitiliginous melanocyte stem cells from vitiligo patients were unaffected by the disease and could effectively differentiate into melanin-producing melanocytes, suggesting their potential for use in cellular therapy for vitiligo repigmentation.

This study discovered that in *Drosophila*, knockdown of specific storage proteins in adipocytes decreased germline stem cell maintenance, implicating a role for these proteins in adult tissue regulation.

This study found that the co-activator CBP enhances the agonistic action of hydroxyflutamide on androgen receptors, suggesting a mechanism for therapy resistance in prostate cancer.

This review discusses the role of the ectodysplasin A2 receptor as a biomarker and driver of ageing related to inflammation, and its potential therapeutic implications, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the various types of stem cells, including their potential applications in therapy, and reports the challenges associated with safe stem cell treatment, with no new clinical results presented.