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Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.

Potassium channel openers are effective in treating heart conditions, high blood pressure, pulmonary diseases, bladder issues, and hair loss, but more selective drugs are needed.

The AUTS2 gene is linked to neurological disorders and may affect human brain development and cognition.

Stress increases a factor in mice that leads to hair loss, and blocking this factor may prevent it.

Mice studies show that Protein Phosphatase 2A is crucial for cell growth, development, and disease prevention.

The genus Sophora has compounds with potential health benefits and could lead to new drugs, but more research is needed to understand their effects and safety.

New methods for skin and nerve regeneration can improve healing and feeling after burns.

Certain steroids in the brain affect mood and symptoms of depression, and treatments targeting these steroids show promise for improving these symptoms.

Skin has specialized touch receptors that can tell different sensations apart.

Hidradenitis suppurativa is caused by genetic factors, inflammation, bacteria, hormones, and lifestyle factors like obesity and smoking.

Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.

Certain mice without specific receptors or mast cells don't lose hair from stress.

Minoxidil works better than nitroglycerin for treating impotence with fewer side effects.

Sox2-positive dermal papilla cells have unique characteristics and contribute more to skin and hair follicle formation than Sox2-negative cells.

Skin problems are very common in people with end-stage kidney disease.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Neurosteroids show promise for treating epilepsy and more research is needed.

Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness and sensory issues, has no cure but manageable symptoms, and future treatments look promising.

Fadrozole and finasteride change gene expression related to sex hormones and thyroid hormones in frog larvae development.

High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.

Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.

Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.

HIV can cause unusual and severe skin problems that are hard to treat.

Small molecule drugs show promise for advancing regenerative medicine but still face development challenges.

Recognizing oral symptoms can help diagnose and treat blood and nutritional diseases early.

The document concludes that more research is needed to understand how to treat muscle pain with drugs.

Nanoparticulate systems improve drug delivery by controlling release, protecting drugs, changing absorption and distribution, and concentrating drugs in targeted areas.

The LRRK2-G2019S mutation in Parkinson's disease has a lifetime penetrance of 25-35%, and finasteride may help reduce symptoms in adult male Tourette syndrome patients.

Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.