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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell behavior and tissue health, and their decline can impact aging and cancer.

Anticancer drugs are increasingly found in surface waters, and their long-term environmental effects are not well understood, requiring better testing methods.

The research found that PCOS has common genetic factors regardless of how it is diagnosed and is linked to metabolic and reproductive issues.

The modified Ferriman-Gallwey method is a useful tool for diagnosing hirsutism.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

The study found that sweat glands contain different types of stem cells that help with healing and maintaining healthy skin.

Stem cell offspring help control their parent stem cells, affecting tissue health, healing, and cancer.

Teriflunomide helps reduce multiple sclerosis symptoms and is safe for most patients.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Dermoscopy is a useful tool for identifying features of skin conditions, but more research is needed to define its role in dermatology.

Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Dutasteride more effective for hair growth, but has more side effects than finasteride.

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

Finasteride effectively treats BPH, but needs more trials to understand potential.

Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.

Early diagnosis and treatment, using finasteride, minoxidil, or hair transplantation, improves hair loss outcomes.

The hedgehog signaling pathway is crucial for hair growth but not for the initial creation of hair follicles.

Researchers found 19 genes important for root hair growth in a plant called Arabidopsis.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.

ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes are crucial for gene regulation, cell differentiation, and organ development in mammals.

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Hair follicle stem cells are key for hair and skin regeneration, can be reprogrammed, and have potential therapeutic uses, but also carry a risk of cancer.