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The conclusion is that women under 35 should start fertility checks after 12 months of trying to conceive, women over 35 after 6 months, and women over 40 should start immediately. The checks should include ovulation status, reproductive tract structure, and male partner's semen evaluation.

We need to learn more about 5α-reductases and neuroactive steroids to safely make drugs targeting these enzymes.

The best method for urethral reconstruction is using hypoxia-preconditioned stem cells with autologous cells on a vascularized synthetic scaffold.

New treatments for ichthyosis, like protein replacement and gene therapy, show promise and may become standard care.

Managing oxidative stress might help treat low testosterone and related chronic diseases in aging men.

The document sets criteria for diagnosing long-term sexual dysfunctions caused by certain medications.

Treatments for enlarged prostate can cause problems with ejaculation, and less invasive options might preserve sexual function better.

Marine microbes could be used in cosmetics for sun protection, skin care, and possibly preventing hair loss.

Antiandrogenic pretreatment for women with PCOS does not improve fertility outcomes and delays pregnancy.

Food intake, not genetics, affects how the body processes tadalafil and finasteride.

Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.

Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and its causes can lead to effective treatments.

Rogaine can stop hair loss in women, and other treatments like certain pills, light therapy, and special shampoos may also work.

Finasteride and dutasteride are effective in treating male hair loss but can cause sexual side effects and birth defects.

Finger length ratios might help predict common hair loss.

Finasteride is more harmful to male reproductive health than minoxidil.

Olfactory receptors found outside the nose may offer new treatments for diseases like cancer and help in wound healing and hair growth.

Women with excessive hair growth tend to have shorter index and ring fingers compared to others.

Finasteride and dutasteride are effective for male hair loss and enlarged prostate but may cause reversible sexual side effects.

Enzymes called 5α-reductases have many body functions and need more research to safely use inhibitors.

PCOS is a complex condition in women that can lead to health issues, and lifestyle changes are the best management approach.

Insulin resistance and high male hormone levels are major causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

sPLA2-X is crucial for normal hair growth and follicle health.

sPLA2-IIE is crucial for normal hair follicle structure and skin health.

Quaternary ammonium iminofullerenes help maize roots grow better under stress by reducing oxidative damage.

The model accurately predicts age from saliva and buccal cells for forensic use.

Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.

Finasteride and dutasteride are equally effective and safe for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Marine algae compounds may improve skin health and promote hair growth.

The 2023 guideline advises a detailed approach for PCOS, focusing on early detection, lifestyle and medical treatments, and managing health risks.