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Certain gene variations are not a major cause of male infertility in Nigerian men.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

Certain genetic variants in the androgen receptor are linked to higher PSA levels, potentially affecting prostate cancer screening outcomes.

New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.

Zinc is essential for plant growth and human health, but many soils lack enough zinc, affecting crops and potentially leading to health problems.

The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.

Mouflon rams mature gradually with changes in body, horns, and hormones linked to age and seasons, reaching full sexual maturity well after puberty.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

SHISA6 helps maintain certain stem cells in mouse testes by blocking signals that would otherwise cause them to differentiate.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Athletes use steroids to enhance performance despite health risks and legal issues, and education on their dangers is needed.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.

Longer CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.

Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.

Melatonin helps Cashmere goats grow more hair by affecting certain genes and cell pathways.

LPA3 is crucial for embryo implantation and links LPA to prostaglandin signaling.

Finasteride temporarily lowers male rat fertility without affecting libido.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

The new FDA labeling rules provide more detailed drug safety information for pregnant and breastfeeding women, but more data is needed on the risks of many dermatologic drugs.

Longer CAG and GGN repeats increase alopecia risk, but no significant link to post-finasteride syndrome found.