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Cells from certain embryo parts can induce head formation in another embryo, involving complex signaling pathways.

Hair transplantation for men has improved, offering natural, lasting results, and may be enhanced by certain medications and future technologies.

Women with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency can have successful pregnancies through IVF, with certain factors affecting their chances.

Finger length ratio may indicate male hair loss.

Finasteride causes harmful organ changes in female mice.

Finasteride treatment changes Cx43 in rat testes, possibly causing fertility issues.

The enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase is not linked to the cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

The document concludes that patient outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are often not ideal because of poor management and a need for better diagnosis and treatment methods.

Saw palmetto can help with prostate issues and may promote hair growth.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Dutasteride more effective for hair growth, but has more side effects than finasteride.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Stem cell niches support, regulate, and coordinate stem cell functions.

Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.

Trilostane effectively improved symptoms in dogs with a certain adrenal gland disorder.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.

Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.

New single-cell analysis techniques are improving our understanding of stem cells and could help in treating diseases.

Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.