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Most drugs fail to reach the market, but understanding their properties and using strategies like early toxicity tests and drug repurposing can help advance their development.

T cells and bacteria in the gut and skin help maintain health and protect against disease.

NF-κB signaling is crucial in many diseases and can be targeted for new treatments.

Scientists can mimic hair disorders by altering genes in lab-grown human hair follicles, but these follicles lack some features of natural ones.

Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.

Goat hair shows changes in metal levels and stress when goats move from indoors to mountain pastures.

The study developed a tool to predict how gut microbes process foods and drugs, showing that similar compounds often share metabolic pathways and effects.

A deficiency in the TTC7A gene causes immune problems, gut issues, and hair loss.

Elevated CO2 can lessen the negative impact of water shortage on soybean roots and affects specific genes.

Stress and alcohol affect brain chemicals differently in rats, mice, and humans, influenced by genetic differences.

Mice can regrow hair on wounds due to specific cell interactions and mechanical forces not seen in rats.

Finasteride blocks progesterone production in specific tumor cells, potentially causing side effects.

Wnt-signaling is regulated differently in skin cells and immune responses during wound healing.

The African spiny mouse can fully regenerate its muscle without scarring, unlike the common house mouse.

RNAi-based biopesticides could be safe and effective for pest control with careful development and risk assessment.

Scientists made antibodies to tell cashmere and wool apart, which could improve how we identify animal fibers.

Auxin and ethylene hormones both work together and against each other to control plant growth.

The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.

The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.

Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.

The study concluded that changing the culture conditions can cause sika deer skin cells to switch from a flat to a 3D pattern, which is important for creating hair follicles.

Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.

Hair cortisol is a reliable stress indicator in cattle but may not be valid for pigs.

The document concludes that future heart disease research should account for sex-specific differences to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

High levels of the protein Flightless I worsen ulcerative colitis symptoms in mice.

Prolactin may affect hair growth differently based on gender and scalp area.

White lupin uses specific genes to grow root hairs and access phosphorus when it's scarce.

The symposium concluded that understanding how different species repair tissue and how this changes with age can help advance regenerative medicine.

Protein hydrolysates applied to roots or leaves differently improved lettuce yield and quality, with the best results seen in specific combined treatments for each type.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.