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This study found that Smad7 perturbs hair follicle development while promoting sebaceous gland formation by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in transgenic mice.

This study found that overexpression of Smad7 in transgenic mice led to severe alterations in multiple epithelial tissues, resulting in early death after birth.

This study reported that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes may promote hair regeneration and thickness in androgenic alopecia by modulating cellular pathways in hair growth, including increasing hair density and diameter, as observed in a mouse model and an exploratory clinical trial.

This review examines the roles of Smad-4 and Smad-7 in hair follicle differentiation and development through BMP signaling and TGFβ/Activin/BMP pathway inhibition but reports no new experimental results.

In this study, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in rats by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

In this study, researchers observed that hyperandrogenic PCOS patients exhibited distinct miRNA and TGFβ signaling gene expression patterns in granulosa cells, suggesting these factors may play a role in PCOS pathogenesis.

MicroRNA-21 could help diagnose and treat skin fibrosis.

This study found that keratinocytes show increased expression of the TGF-β system and collagen type I with age, suggesting a heightened profibrotic response during skin differentiation associated with scarring.

This study found that recombinant oleosin-hFGF5 expressed in Arabidopsis can inhibit hair regeneration by decreasing the proliferation of hair follicle epithelial cells.

This research found that kaempferol, a flavonoid from hair growth-promoting plants, significantly enhanced human dermal papilla cell proliferation and inhibited specific signaling pathways, outperforming minoxidil, with topical application in mice promoting hair growth and thickness, indicating potential as a natural hair loss treatment.

This study found that Gynostemma pentaphyllum hydrodistillate and Damulin B exert significant anti-photoaging effects in UVB-irradiated models by reducing oxidative stress, improving ECM integrity, and enhancing skin hydration and elasticity.

Bulge progenitor cells show promise for regenerating hair follicles and increasing hair density.

This study found that conditional expression of TGFβ1 in mice affects epidermal and hair follicle growth, with chronic expression causing severe alopecia and a negative feedback loop involving Smad7.

This review discusses how TGF-β3 influences fate decisions of various stem cell types, highlighting its role in proliferation, differentiation, and cell death through classical and non-classical signalling pathways.

In this mouse study, researchers found that orally administered low-molecular-weight fish collagen peptides significantly improved hair regrowth by both enhancing growth-promoting pathways and reducing inhibitory mechanisms.

This study reviewed exosome-mediated interventions for alopecia, finding that they enhance hair regeneration by stimulating key pathways and improving hair properties, with clinical studies showing increased hair density and patient satisfaction, though further trials are needed for widespread clinical use.

This study found that costunolide promotes hair growth in both lab-cultured human hair follicle cells and in live mice by modulating growth factor pathways.

This study found that exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly promote cutaneous wound healing in rats by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

This study found that increased metastatic ability in colorectal cancer in a rat model was linked to changes in expression of multiple genes, including TGF-beta, PDGFb, and Rho B.

This study found that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote cutaneous wound healing in rats by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

This study found that hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells improved liver function and pathology in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway and reducing hepatic stellate cell activation.

This study found that polysulfonic acid mucopolysaccharide may reduce skin scarring in rats by influencing the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

In this study, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was found to enhance the proliferative, migratory, and hair-inducing abilities of dermal papilla cells more effectively than platelet-rich plasma through the TGF-β/Smad pathway.

This study reviewed 80 preclinical and clinical studies and found that exosome-mediated treatments show promise for hair regeneration in alopecia by boosting hair density and thickness with generally mild side effects, but call for further research and standardization before widespread clinical use.

This review summarizes the potential of single traditional Chinese medicines and extracts in preventing and treating renal fibrosis, emphasizing their capacity to inhibit transforming growth factor β and reduce extracellular matrix formation, but it reports no new clinical results.

In this study, kartogenin promoted hair growth by enhancing cell proliferation and migration in vitro and extended hair length in mice, suggesting its potential as a treatment for hair loss.

This study found significantly higher P-Smad2 levels in both lesional and nonlesional skin of organ transplant recipients, suggesting elevated TGF-β signaling might contribute to their increased cancer susceptibility.

In this study, TASP0382088 showed potent selective inhibition of the ALK5 receptor, significantly reducing Smad2 phosphorylation in mouse skin following topical application.

This article reviews keratosis follicularis squamosa, a keratinizing disorder predominantly found in the Japanese population, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that Punica granatum ethanolic leaf extract may alleviate skin fibrosis in rats by modulating inflammation-related pathways and reducing dermal alterations.