139 citations
,
May 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” In this study, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in rats by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
43 citations
,
December 2008 in “Molecular biology of the cell” This study found that disrupting Smad4 signaling in young mice led to overactivation of follicle stem cells, causing hyperplasia and depletion of the stem cell niche.
16 citations
,
February 2007 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” This study found that keratinocytes show increased expression of the TGF-β system and collagen type I with age, suggesting a heightened profibrotic response during skin differentiation associated with scarring.
March 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that exosomes from adipose mesenchymal stromal cells, particularly those carrying miR-122-5p, may enhance hair follicle regeneration in androgenic alopecia by targeting the TGF-β/SMAD3 axis.
4 citations
,
June 2021 in “Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology” This study found that ginsenoside Rg4 enhanced hair-inductive properties of dermal papilla cells via the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, suggesting its potential as a natural therapy for hair growth.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study reviews evidence that in keloid development, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) drives fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis not only through the classical Smad-dependent pathway but also via equally important Smad-independent signaling cascades, suggesting these pathways as possible targets for more effective keloid therapies.
28 citations
,
July 2008 in “Developmental Biology” This study found that the loss of Smad4 in keratinocytes reduces Dsg4 expression via disrupted BMP signaling, contributing to hair follicle degeneration and alopecia.
4 citations
,
February 2022 in “PeerJ” This study found that hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells improved liver function and pathology in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway and reducing hepatic stellate cell activation.
3 citations
,
July 2022 in “Brain and Behavior” This study observed that a CARASIL mouse model demonstrated abnormal behavior, vascular and cellular changes, and upregulation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, indicating its potential involvement in CARASIL pathogenesis.
July 2023 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” This study found that escin acts as a natural agonist of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cultured human dermal papilla cells by promoting the degradation of GSK-3β, highlighting its potential therapeutic use for conditions like androgenetic alopecia and vitiligo.
271 citations
,
September 2008 in “Nutrition reviews” This study identified new dietary ligands for the human vitamin D receptor, including curcumin and gamma-tocotrienol, which may influence its biological functions.
11 citations
,
September 2023 in “Nature Communications” In this study, researchers found that the cell surface protein Lrig1 plays a crucial role in regulating the suppressive function of regulatory T cells, suggesting it as a potential target for treating autoimmune diseases, as evidenced by experiments in mouse models.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The document concludes that stem cells and their environments are crucial for skin and hair health and have potential for medical treatments.
44 citations
,
January 2013 in “BMC Dermatology” This study found that TGFβ signaling is essential for keeping sebocytes undifferentiated by reducing lipid-related gene expression, using a novel human sebocyte culture model.
June 2008 in “The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)” This study found that deleting Smad2 and Smad3 in murine skin leads to severe skin abnormalities and cancerous lesions, similar to but more severe than those seen in Smad4 mutants, indicating the critical role of TGF-β signaling in skin development.
13 citations
,
September 2018 in “Scientific Reports” In this study, researchers found that microRNAs and specific target genes, such as MiR-195 and genes like CHP1, SMAD2, FZD6, and SIAH1, play significant roles in regulating hair follicle initiation in cashmere goats.
6 citations
,
November 2018 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology” This study observed that gerbils exhibit a different wound healing mechanism compared to mice, with lower TGF-B1 expression and distinct tissue responses, yet achieve similar healing outcomes.
26 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of Molecular Cell Biology” This study observed that Endoglin is crucial for maintaining correct hair follicle cycling and stimulating hair follicle stem cell niches through feedback interactions involving Wnt/β-catenin and Bmp/Smad signaling pathways in a mouse model.
19 citations
,
April 2015 in “European Journal of Pharmacology” This study found that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may shorten the hair growth cycle through mechanisms like cell-cycle arrest and β-catenin downregulation in rat hair follicle cells.
14 citations
,
January 2017 in “Pharmacological Reports” TP0427736 may help treat hair loss by blocking a specific protein and promoting hair growth.
54 citations
,
November 2017 in “Scientific Reports” In this study, researchers observed that hyperandrogenic PCOS patients exhibited distinct miRNA and TGFβ signaling gene expression patterns in granulosa cells, suggesting these factors may play a role in PCOS pathogenesis.
7 citations
,
March 2022 in “Molecules” This study found that 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) promoted hair growth in rat vibrissa follicles by activating Wnt/β-catenin and autophagy pathways and inhibiting the TGF-β pathway in dermal papilla cells.
79 citations
,
January 2002 in “Nucleic Acids Research” This study found that BMP-2 activates Dlx3 gene transcription in murine keratinocytes by binding with Smad1/Smad4, suggesting a mechanism for BMP signaling's role in skin and hair follicle regulation.
19 citations
,
December 2016 in “PLOS ONE” This study found that proteins secreted by early-passage dermal papilla cells, including SDF1, MMP3, biglycan, and LTBP1, may play significant roles in hair follicle regeneration.
31 citations
,
September 2013 in “Stem Cells” This study suggests that canonical BMP signaling, particularly involving Smad1 and Smad5, plays a critical role in hair follicle stem cell regulation and hair morphogenesis, with distinct roles from pSmad8.
July 2026 in “Marine Drugs” In this mouse study, researchers found that orally administered low-molecular-weight fish collagen peptides significantly improved hair regrowth by both enhancing growth-promoting pathways and reducing inhibitory mechanisms.
40 citations
,
May 2005 in “Journal of Cell Science” In this study, transgenic mice expressing a truncated form of latent transforming growth factor-β-binding protein exhibited altered hair cycles due to increased active transforming growth factor-β, impacting keratinocyte proliferation and hair cycle phases.
6 citations
,
May 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, Lagerstroemia indica extract was found to significantly promote hair growth and prevent hair loss in human trials, likely through the regulation of specific signaling pathways, indicating its potential as a cosmetic treatment for hair loss prevention.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “International Journal of Medical Sciences” In this study, kartogenin promoted hair growth by enhancing cell proliferation and migration in vitro and extended hair length in mice, suggesting its potential as a treatment for hair loss.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “BMC Genomics” This study reported that alopecia in giant pandas may be linked to abnormal expression of several hair-related genes and pathways, providing insight for potential prevention and treatment strategies.