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The document reviews various hair and nail disorders, their causes, and treatments, emphasizing the need for proper diagnosis and the link between nail changes and systemic diseases.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

The article explains the genetic causes and symptoms of various hair disorders and highlights the need for more research to find treatments.

Detailed patient history and physical exams are crucial for diagnosing hair loss.

The document concludes that various childhood hair and nail disorders exist, some may improve on their own, and advances in genetics and immunology could enhance treatment and counseling.

Researchers found a new mutation in the HR gene linked to a rare hair loss condition.

Four genetic risk spots found for hair loss, with WNT signaling involved and a link to curly hair.

Some families have a genetic condition where they are born with irregular scalp defects.

Hair growth is influenced by factors like genetics and nutrition, and more research is needed to understand hair loss and growth mechanisms.

Alopecia in animals can be hereditary, congenital, or acquired, with treatments and outcomes varying widely.

Athletes use steroids to enhance performance despite health risks and legal issues, and education on their dangers is needed.

Dermatologists diagnose and manage melanoma more effectively than general practitioners.

Understanding normal hair growth and loss in children is key to diagnosing and treating hair disorders.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The conclusion is that endocrinology significantly impacts medicine with various common medications used for treatment.

Atopic dermatitis may have genetic causes and can be treated with pharmacologic methods, glycerin creams, and controlling Staphylococcus aureus colonization.

The genes KRT25 and SP6 affect curly hair in horses, with KRT25 also causing hair loss. If both genes are mutated, the horse gets curly hair and hair loss. KRT25 can hide the effect of SP6.

Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.

Rare genetic variants in five specific genes are linked to male-pattern hair loss but only account for a small part of the risk.

DAVID syndrome is a condition with immune system and hormone deficiencies, needing early diagnosis to avoid serious complications.

Nanomaterials can significantly improve wound healing and future treatments may include smart, real-time monitoring.

DFMO treatment improves hair growth, muscle tone, and development in Bachmann-Bupp syndrome patients.

Five Weimaraners had a milder form of color dilution alopecia causing hair loss and skin issues.

Three dogs with a rare skin condition improved with treatment.

The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.

Coats' Plus is a genetic disorder with eye abnormalities, brain calcification, poor growth, bone and skin issues, and movement disorders.

Melatonin, usually known for sleep regulation, also has antioxidant properties that can protect skin, stimulate hair growth, and improve skin conditions, with topical application being more effective than oral use.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor are more prone to UV-induced skin tumors.

New gene identification techniques have improved the understanding and classification of inherited hair disorders.

New treatments targeting skin stem cells show promise for skin repair, anti-aging, and cancer therapy.