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This study demonstrated that antigens from the skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis can stimulate CD8+ T cells, which in turn enhance wound healing.

This case report presents the first evidence of significant antigen presenting cells around hair follicles in a patient with alopecia due to active systemic lupus erythematosus.

This study demonstrated that transcutaneous vaccination via cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping effectively induced both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in humans, offering a promising alternative to intramuscular injection.

In this study, transcutaneously applied nanoparticles and viral vectors were shown to penetrate murine hair follicles, internalize in antigen-presenting cells, and induce immune responses, suggesting a promising approach for vaccine delivery.

This study found HLA and beta 2-microglobulin antigens in various skin structures, with specific localization patterns in keratinocytes and hair follicle components, but not in eccrine or apocrine glands.

This study concluded that combining cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping with particle-based antigen delivery effectively targets HIV-1 p24 protein to skin cells, supporting its potential for needle-free transcutaneous vaccination.

This study found that CD1d is strongly expressed in human scalp skin and hair follicles, particularly in the anagen phase, suggesting a role in scalp immunology and potential implications for hair disorder treatment.

This study found that the development of Merkel cell carcinoma from hair follicles in mice can be driven by in vivo reprogramming with ATOH1 and relies on p53 loss for progression.

This review summarizes current evidence on how beta-human papillomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus may contribute to the development of nonmelanoma and Merkel cell skin carcinomas, respectively, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that extracellular vesicles from erythrocytes may promote hair regeneration in patients with androgenic alopecia by transferring components that upregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and are involved in the formation of the skin's outer barrier.

This study suggests that varicella-zoster virus infection in skin cells may play a role in segmental vitiligo's progression and depigmentation.

This study found that C3H mice with prior microbial exposure developed alopecia areata at a reduced rate and had fewer associated T cells compared to controls, suggesting that prior infections might attenuate autoimmune responses related to the disease.

This study found that mouse skin CD4(+) memory T cells are in equilibrium with the circulation under steady state but increase in specific clusters in response to infection or inflammation.

This review discusses the role of regulatory T cells in skin, including their impact on hair follicle regeneration, wound healing, and immune tolerance, without presenting new clinical findings.

Developing human skin has immune cells with memory-like features.

This review explores the role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune skin disorders like alopecia areata and vitiligo, emphasizing unanswered questions and reporting no new experimental results.

This study found that mice genetically modified to overexpress the serine protease inhibitor hurpin showed reduced UV-induced apoptosis but increased susceptibility to skin cancer after chemical carcinogenesis.

This study found that inducing hair follicles into the anagen-onset stage in mice enhances the immune response to a topically applied DNA vaccine against anthrax.

This article discusses the potential of novel microneedle transdermal systems for enhanced drug and vaccine delivery through the skin, but reports no clinical results and emphasizes ongoing trials.

In this study, the authors concluded that the TS-associated polyomavirus may disrupt Wnt/β-catenin signaling, likely contributing to abnormal hair follicle formation in trichodysplasia spinulosa.

This study found that 40 nm nanoparticles can effectively penetrate into hair follicles and epidermal Langerhans cells in human skin samples, potentially enabling efficient transcutaneous vaccine delivery.

In this study, researchers observed that human sebaceous glands can regenerate in a mouse model using transplanted human skin, potentially offering a tool to study sebaceous gland biology and regeneration.

This study explored IL-17D's role in skin biology and found no significant difference in disease progression between IL-17D KO and WT mice in skin inflammation models, but IL-17D did promote cell migration and modestly accelerated wound healing, suggesting it may influence tissue repair processes.

This study found that a single instance of acute skin stretching can enhance immune surveillance and improve vaccine delivery by increasing skin permeability and promoting immune cell recruitment without causing tissue damage.

This study observed significant skin changes, including epidermal thickening and pleomorphic keratinocytes, in rats after subchronic UVB irradiation, highlighting specific reactions in the dorsal skin.

This study found that type II diabetes inhibited hair follicle regeneration and skin cell proliferation in mice, potentially explaining reduced skin renewal and chronic wound formation in diabetes.

In this study, researchers investigated the immunohistopathological characteristics of the skin in individuals during the acute phase of chikungunya infection, revealing CHIKV antigens and inflammatory infiltrates in various skin components and highlighting the role of cytokines/chemokines in the disease's skin manifestations.

This review highlights that two-photon excitation microscopy is a valuable tool for visualizing live skin structures and immune responses at high resolution, though its clinical use is hindered by safety and cost issues.

This study observed that dandruff-affected scalp skin has increased T-cell infiltration in the epidermis and a reduction in the hair follicle's physiological immune privilege, particularly in the suprabulbar outer root sheath area, indicating a distinct immune microenvironment compared to healthy scalp.