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Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Menopausal women have higher androgen levels, which can cause symptoms like facial hair growth and low sexual desire.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

Reduced AR gene methylation may cause early pubic hair growth in girls.

Excessive hair growth in women often has no known cause and is not linked to race or other hormonal symptoms.

Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.

Hormone imbalances can cause specific skin changes, which may help in early detection of endocrine disorders.

Gonadal hormones significantly affect the severity of alopecia areata in mice.

Sebaceous glands play a key role in skin health, immunity, and various skin diseases.

Skin diseases linked to insulin resistance should be managed to prevent diabetes and reduce heart disease risk.

Men are more likely to have severe respiratory viral infections like COVID-19 due to hormonal and genetic differences, while women generally have stronger immune responses.

COVID-19 may affect male fertility and women might have better outcomes due to hormonal and immune differences.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.

Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.

Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.

Gender affects hair and scalp characteristics, with differences in hormone responses, graying patterns, and trace metals.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.

Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.

Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.

Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.

Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.

Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).

Men are more likely to get infectious skin diseases, while women are more prone to autoimmune and pigment-related skin conditions, influenced by biological and environmental factors.

Spironolactone works well for acne and hirsutism, isotretinoin is very effective for acne and may have antiandrogenic effects, and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors should be considered antiandrogens.