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The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.

Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.

Women have unique stroke risks due to hormones, contraceptives, pregnancy, and menopause.

A pineal tumor caused a boy's early puberty, which changed from peripheral to central after treatment.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Sex hormones affect brain injury differently in males and females.

DHT affects testicular development and regulates spermatogenesis in some fish.

Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.

A new method accurately measures nine specific hormones in human blood.

Sex hormones affect hair and feather growth and may help manage alopecia and hormone-dependent cancers.

Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.

The research found that anovulatory young women have higher androgen and hormone levels than those who ovulate, suggesting immature hormonal regulation rather than a specific condition.

Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.

Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.

Menopause often leads to lower sexual desire and discomfort during sex, but treatment should be personalized and only if it bothers the woman.

A 77-year-old woman with hair loss had high testosterone and 17OH-progesterone levels, but no significant findings on imaging.

Birth control pills can help reduce mild to moderate acne in women.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.

Sex and sex hormones can affect brain inflammation in Parkinson's disease, with male mice being more affected and female mice showing a protective effect.

Reduced AR gene methylation may cause early pubic hair growth in girls.

Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.

Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.

5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.

Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.