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RXRα is crucial for proper immune response and links diet to immune function.

JAK inhibitors show promise in effectively treating hair loss from alopecia areata.

The document concludes that a systematic approach is crucial to identify causes of androgen excess in women beyond the most common cause, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Topical finasteride might be a good alternative for hair loss treatment with fewer side effects, but more research is needed.

The document concludes that inflammation markers can be used in diabetes, vitamin D3 affects immune pathways, hyperthyroidism changes hormone levels, androgen levels help diagnose Adrenocortical Carcinoma, erectile dysfunction is linked to diabetes, hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected males, and hormones can be biomarkers for various conditions.

COVID-19 may harm male reproductive health and lower testosterone levels, potentially affecting fertility and causing erectile dysfunction. More research is needed.

A woman with acromegaloidism and normal growth hormone levels had a rare X-Tetrasomy, suggesting a need to study X-chromosome genes for their role in growth and facial development.

A 20-year-old woman with a rare form of Turner syndrome showed improvement with hormonal therapy and needs comprehensive care.

The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.

A complex X chromosome rearrangement can increase the risk of multiple autoimmune diseases.

A 6-year-old girl with Turner syndrome also had psoriasis, alopecia areata, and trachyonychia.

The document concludes that future heart disease research should account for sex-specific differences to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Many COVID-19 patients have long-term symptoms, especially women, but certain medications may help reduce these symptoms.

PCOS may be influenced by factors in the blood, not just the ovaries.

Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.

Autism's genetics are linked with early age of puberty and less hair loss, but not with hormone levels or polycystic ovary syndrome.

The 2024 guideline updates recommendations for genetic testing, imaging, and sperm retrieval in male infertility.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.

Testosterone therapy improved physical and social health in a male with 49,XXXXY syndrome.

The document concludes that the fast-growing direct-to-consumer genetic testing market lacks sufficient regulation, posing risks to consumers due to questionable test quality and accuracy.

Pregnancy can increase lupus activity, but careful planning and treatment can improve outcomes.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Women with PCOS, especially those overweight, have higher levels of IL-18 in their endometrium, which may affect fertility.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

COVID-19 may harm male fertility and damage the reproductive system.