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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

The Foxn1 gene mutation causes hairlessness and immune system issues, and understanding it could lead to hair growth disorder treatments.

Dermal Papilla cells are a promising tool for evaluating hair growth treatments.

PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

Certain bacteria and fungi are linked to healthy scalps and dandruff, suggesting that the scalp's microbial balance affects its health.

Certain drugs that block specific enzymes can help treat prostate diseases.

New treatments for skin conditions related to the sebaceous gland are being developed based on current research.

The African spiny mouse heals skin without scarring due to different protein activity compared to the common house mouse, which heals with scarring.

The AC 2 peptide from Trapa japonica fruit helps protect hair cells and may treat hair loss.

The document explains how to create detailed biological pathways using genomic data and tools, with examples of hair and breast development.

Researchers created a model to understand heart aging, highlighting the role of microRNAs and identifying key genes and pathways involved.

Minoxidil, a common alopecia medication, might cause eye changes due to its properties and lack of tissue selectivity.

NF-κB signaling is crucial in many diseases and can be targeted for new treatments.

Electrospun matrices help regenerate skin and hair follicles using PCL and collagen scaffolds.

Researchers created a model to understand heart aging, highlighting key genes and pathways, and suggesting miR-208a as a potential heart attack biomarker.

Pilose antler extracts help hair growth by activating hair follicle stem cells.

Androgens and androgen receptors are important for metabolic health, affecting how the body uses glucose and fats through mitochondrial function.

The mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse model shows that cells can divide while attached to stable basement membranes during development.

The gene Foxn1 is important for hair growth, and understanding it may lead to new alopecia treatments.

The peach gene pCTG134 helps control the interaction between auxin and ethylene hormones during fruit ripening.

Glycyrrhizic acid and licorice extract can significantly reduce unwanted hair growth.

The document concludes that Syndromes of Severe Insulin Resistance are rare disorders with limited treatment options.

VDR regulation varies by tissue and is crucial for its biological functions.

OCT4 helps granulosa cell growth in early-stage follicles, and FSH increases OCT4 through specific pathways.

Proteomics combined with other technologies can lead to a better understanding of skin diseases.