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Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Understanding gene expression in hair follicles can reveal insights into hair growth and disorders.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell behavior and tissue health, and their decline can impact aging and cancer.

β-catenin in the dermal papilla is crucial for normal hair growth and repair.

The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.

Polysaccharides have many health benefits and are used in drugs, but isolating and purifying them is complex and requires careful methods.

The skin's layers protect, sense, and regulate the body's internal balance, but can be prone to cancer.

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.

The document concludes that insulin resistance is key in PCOS development and early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Melanocyte stem cells in hair follicles are key for hair color and could help treat greying and pigment disorders.

Future hair loss treatments should aim to extend hair growth, reactivate resting follicles, reverse shrinkage, and possibly create new follicles, with gene therapy showing promise.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

More dermal papilla cells in hair follicles lead to larger, healthier hair, while fewer cells cause hair thinning and loss.

Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.

Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

AA-PRP injections effectively increase hair count and thickness for male pattern hair loss.

ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes are crucial for gene regulation, cell differentiation, and organ development in mammals.

Jumonji genes are important for development and their mutations can cause abnormalities, especially in the heart and brain.

Wnt signaling controls whether hair follicle stem cells stay inactive or regenerate hair.