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Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 15 are key markers for monitoring the quality and self-renewing potential of engineered skin.

Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.

We need more research to better understand human hair follicle stem cells for improved treatments for hair loss and skin cancer.

The document concludes that certain genetic mutations and dietary factors are involved in acne development, and treatments like isotretinoin and diet changes can help manage it.

The human hair follicle can store topical compounds and be targeted for drug delivery with minimal side effects.

Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.

Prolactin affects hair growth cycles and can cause early hair follicle regression.

Growth factors are crucial for hair development and could help treat hair diseases.

New methods have greatly improved our understanding of stem cell behavior and roles in the body.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

S100A4 and S100A6 proteins may activate stem cells for hair follicle regeneration and could be potential targets for hair loss treatments.

Pregnancy causes skin changes like darkening, hair thickening, nail changes, and increased risk of skin growths, most of which usually resolve after birth.

Short-chain fatty acids from *Cutibacterium acnes* cause skin inflammation, contributing to acne.

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.

Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.

PPAR agonists show promise for skin conditions but need more research before being a main treatment.

Brg1 is crucial for hair growth and skin repair by maintaining stem cells and promoting regeneration.

Melatonin may reduce skin damage caused by X-rays in rats.

Hormones and their receptors, especially androgens, play a key role in hair growth and disorders like baldness.

Hair follicle stem cells could help repair nerves and avoid ethical issues linked to embryonic stem cells.

Changes in skin microbes play a role in some skin diseases and could lead to new treatments.

The effects of estrogen on human hair growth are unclear and need more research.

Genetic mutations can cause hair growth disorders by affecting key genes and signaling pathways.

Organotypic culture systems can grow skin tissues that mimic real skin functions and are useful for skin disease and hair growth research, but they don't fully replicate skin complexity.

Trichoscopy is good for diagnosing and monitoring hair and scalp problems in children but needs more research for certain conditions.

Hair follicle regeneration possible, more research needed.

Hidradenitis suppurativa may be related to hormones and patients often have metabolic disorders; more research is needed to understand this connection.