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This study describes vitiligo as an autoimmune disease marked by depigmented skin and mucosal patches, and reviews its complex pathogenesis and diagnostic features. Treatment aims for disease control and repigmentation through various topical and systemic therapies, phototherapy, and surgical options, emphasizing personalized, multimodal approaches.

This study reported that Metformin effectively improved menstrual irregularities, LH:FSH ratio, and serum testosterone in women with PCOS, but did not alleviate hyperandrogenism symptoms.

This study observed that M. domestica larva-derived chitosan and gut extracts enhanced wound healing and collagen deposition in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice, indicating potential benefits for combined therapy.

This study found that overexpression of Smad7 in transgenic mice led to severe alterations in multiple epithelial tissues, resulting in early death after birth.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

This study found that activin affects both stromal cells and keratinocytes in skin morphogenesis and repair, with dose-dependent effects on keratinocytes demonstrated through transgenic mouse models.

In this study, researchers observed that hyperandrogenic PCOS patients exhibited distinct miRNA and TGFβ signaling gene expression patterns in granulosa cells, suggesting these factors may play a role in PCOS pathogenesis.

This study found that fibromodulin significantly reduces scar formation and boosts scar strength in rodent and porcine models, suggesting potential for FMOD-based therapies in cutaneous wound repair.

This review discusses the unique capacity of fetal skin to heal wounds without scarring and notes that while many factors have been identified, the complete mechanism of fetal wound healing remains unclear.

This study found that the loss of Smad4 in keratinocytes reduces Dsg4 expression via disrupted BMP signaling, contributing to hair follicle degeneration and alopecia.

This study suggests that transplanting hair to new nonscalp sites affects their growth and survival rates, though the hair diameter remains consistent.

This study found that keratinocytes show increased expression of the TGF-β system and collagen type I with age, suggesting a heightened profibrotic response during skin differentiation associated with scarring.

This study found that in vivo bioluminescence can track Smad2/3-dependent TGF-β signaling during the wound healing process in mice, with signaling increasing after healing rather than immediately post-wounding.

This study successfully used noninvasive bioluminescence imaging to monitor hair generation in vivo after transplanting hair follicle stem cells in mice.

This study found that Punica granatum ethanolic leaf extract may alleviate skin fibrosis in rats by modulating inflammation-related pathways and reducing dermal alterations.

This study reported that the combined use of dexmedetomidine and ketamine, along with peripheral nerve blocks, provided adequate sedation and analgesia with maintained hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing minor surgical procedures like split skin grafting.

This review summarizes research on individual Chinese herbal extracts that may inhibit mechanisms of renal fibrosis, but it reports no new experimental findings.

This study suggests that hair transplantation to new nonscalp sites affects the growth and survival rates of transplanted hairs, while the diameter remains unchanged.

This study conducted a meta-analysis of gene expression data from alopecia areata patients, identifying 5109 differentially expressed genes and highlighting enriched pathways like JAK-STAT signaling, providing insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential treatment targets.

This study identified candidate genes related to hair follicle development in Merino sheep, providing insights for improving sheep wool quality and potentially understanding human hair growth mechanisms.

This research found that androgen bioactivity plays a role in normal female sexual differentiation, suggesting females develop within a significant androgenic environment, with implications for understanding conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

This review discusses the potential regulation of signal transduction pathways by microRNAs in animal cells, aiming to identify biological processes that may be influenced by miRNA-mediated regulation, but it reports no new experimental outcomes.

This review discusses the biochemical and biological functions of histone demethylases and their potential involvement in human diseases, including cancer, but reports no new findings.

This review discusses the roles of key developmental signaling pathways in mammalian skin repair compared to skin development, and suggests these insights could lead to better wound healing therapies, but it reports no new findings.

In this review, the authors summarize classical and recent insights into the biology and treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids, concluding that while understanding and strategies have advanced, effective prevention and treatments remain unsatisfactory.

This study found that the circadian clock regulates the activation state of murine epidermal stem cells, affecting tissue homeostasis and susceptibility to tumorigenesis when disrupted.

This review discusses the role of TGF-β signaling in stem cell recruitment and tissue regeneration, indicating that abnormalities in TGF-β activation contribute to various major diseases and suggesting avenues for therapeutic intervention.

This study found that using a Picosecond IR Laser (PIRL) on mouse skin led to less tissue damage and scarring compared to conventional surgical lasers and tools.

This article discusses advancements in understanding how skin stem cells and fibroblasts contribute to scar formation, highlighting current and potential therapies aimed at preventing or reducing scarring, yet notes that effective treatments without significant side effects are still lacking.

This review summarizes the roles of bone morphogenetic proteins in the development and regulation of normal and diseased skin, but it does not provide new clinical results.