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This review focuses on S100A6, a Ca²⁺-binding protein, detailing its role in cell functions, the regulation of its expression, and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in various diseases.

In this study, the researchers identified the specific subcellular localization of the protein S100A3 in the endocuticle and cortex of human hair shafts.

This study found that the S100A3 gene is exclusively expressed in hair follicle cells differentiating into hair shaft components in mice, suggesting its important role in hair formation.

S100A8 and S100A9 proteins help form hair shafts during growth.

This review discusses the role and interactions of the calcium-binding protein S100A6 in cellular processes and its association with various diseases, highlighting the need for further research to fully understand its biological impact.

This study found distinct localization patterns of S100 family proteins in hair follicles, suggesting their differential roles in normal hair follicle physiology.

This study demonstrated that blocking S100A3 in mice inhibited hair growth by delaying the anagen phase and reducing the number of hair follicles, suggesting S100A3 as a potential target for hair loss treatments.

This study used a mouse model to reveal that S100A4-positive cells, specifically fibroblasts and immune cells, play a crucial role in nipple development, essential for successful lactation, despite no issues with mammary morphology or milk production.

This study found that enzymatic conversion of Arg-51 in S100A3 protein to citrulline promotes homotetramer assembly, potentially increasing Ca²⁺ binding required for hair cuticular barrier formation.

This study reported significant upregulation and release of S100A4 in psoriatic skin, which may actively contribute to psoriasis pathogenesis.

This study reports that in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma, overexpressed S100A4 likely promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties, affecting tumor behavior through its interaction with NMIIA and mutant p53.

This study found that treatment with the GnRH agonist Triptorelin significantly decreased invasion and expression of S100A4 and CYR61 in certain breast cancer cells, suggesting a potential role in slowing cancer progression.

This study reports on the biochemical characteristics of S100A3 protein in human hair cuticle, notably finding its N-terminal methionine is acetylated and has a slightly lower isoelectric point compared to the recombinant version.

This study found that inhibiting arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) may enhance hair cuticle maturation by increasing S100A3 protein citrullination and promoting cuticular differentiation in isolated human hair follicles.

In a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced alopecia, this study found that inhibiting the protein S100A8 with paquinimod alleviated hair loss and reduced oxidative stress and ferroptosis, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for managing this side effect in chemotherapy patients.

This study suggests a potential role for S100A7 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris.

In this study, researchers identified S100a4 as a critical regulator of secondary hair follicle stem cells in cashmere goats, linking its expression to follicle regeneration and differentiation pathways, which may have implications for enhancing cashmere fiber production.

This research found that exosome-derived long non-coding RNA AC010789.1, modified by FTO and hnRNPA2B1, enhanced human hair follicle stem cell proliferation against androgenic alopecia through the activation of S100A8/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

This study found that in hidradenitis suppurativa, the proteins SERPINB3/B4 and S100A7/A8/A9 were significantly overexpressed in lesional skin compared to nonlesional skin, suggesting new pathways in the disease's pathogenesis.

This study found that the S100A4/NMIIA axis contributes to glioblastoma progression by recruiting and promoting migration of GBM cells along blood vessels, correlating with worse patient outcomes.

In this study, high expression of S100A4 in glioblastoma was associated with worse patient survival and promoted tumor progression by enhancing pro-tumorigenic vascular functions.

This study suggests that S100A4 and S100A6 proteins may play key roles in activating stem cells for hair follicle regeneration in mice.

RAGE is a potential target for melanoma treatment, but its effectiveness is uncertain due to variable expression levels.

Targeting S100 proteins may help treat hair loss.

This study found that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/VDR inhibits β-catenin's role in keratinocyte proliferation but enhances its role in hair follicle differentiation.

This study found that disrupting Lm332 expression in mice changes keratinocyte genetic expression, alters cell shape, and disrupts epidermal homeostasis, despite some compensatory anchorage by hair follicle basal cells.

This study identified seven gene sequences related to Type III Brush Hair formation in Yangtze River Delta white goats, contributing to our understanding of hair growth and follicle cycles.

This review discusses the complexities of hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis, highlighting issues with Notch signaling, immune dysregulation, and the role of keratinocytes and ECM, but reports no new clinical results.

This study validated the HS 3D-SeboSkin model as a reliable tool for preclinical research, effectively preserving the structure and biomarker expression of lesional and perilesional HS skin ex vivo.

This study analyzed gene expression data to identify key genes involved in severe forms of alopecia areata, discovering four immune monitoring genes (LGR5, SHISA2, HOXC13, S100A3) with potential for early diagnosis and better understanding of the disease's biological mechanisms.