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TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

The timing of when the gene Bmal1 is active affects aging and survival, with its absence during development, not adulthood, leading to premature aging.

Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Lactate production is important for activating hair growth stem cells.

Ruxolitinib effectively regrows hair in most patients with severe hair loss.

Hair follicle stem cells use specific chromatin changes to control their growth and differentiation.

Researchers found 19 genes important for root hair growth in a plant called Arabidopsis.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Some viruses can cause cancer by changing cell processes and avoiding the immune system; vaccines and targeted treatments help reduce these cancers.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Normal skin cell renewal doesn't need RAR signaling, but vitamin A-related skin thickening does.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

The document concludes that while significant progress has been made in understanding skin biology and stem cells, more research is needed to fully understand their interactions with their environment.

Scientists turned rat thymus cells into stem cells that can help repair skin and hair.

Children, especially teenagers, can get severe SARS-CoV infection with symptoms similar to adults, but they typically recover well with supportive care.

Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.

Applying a special compound can promote hair growth without harmful side effects.

Blocking the Wnt pathway could lead to new treatments for cancer and tissue repair but requires careful development to avoid side effects.

Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.

MicroRNA-214 is important for skin and hair growth because it affects the Wnt pathway.

A mother's PPARγ is crucial for preventing harmful milk that can cause inflammation and growth problems in babies.

Scientists created stem cells that can grow hair and skin.

Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.

The document concludes that adult mammalian skin contains multiple stem cell populations with specific markers, important for understanding skin regeneration and related conditions.

Notch/CSL signaling controls hair follicle differentiation through Wnt5a and FoxN1.

Minoxidil helps hair growth by activating the β-catenin pathway.

The skin protects the body and is constantly renewed by stem cells; disruptions can lead to cancer.

Minoxidil boosts hair growth by targeting adenosine and possibly sulfonylurea receptor 2B.