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TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Macrophages help regrow hair by activating stem cells using AKT/β-catenin and TNF.

Blocking the Wnt pathway could lead to new treatments for cancer and tissue repair but requires careful development to avoid side effects.

Scientists turned mouse stem cells into skin cells that can grow into skin layers and structures.

Skin development in mammals is controlled by key proteins and signals from underlying cells, involving stem cells for maintenance and repair.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

The HR protein's role as a repressor is essential for controlling hair growth.

Short-chain fatty acids from *Cutibacterium acnes* cause skin inflammation, contributing to acne.

Cancer can hijack the body's cell repair system to promote tumor growth, and targeting this process may improve cancer treatments.

Abnormal Hedgehog signaling in blood cancers may help tumors grow and resist chemotherapy, suggesting potential for targeted treatments.

The document concludes that there are no effective clinical treatments for hearing loss due to hair cell damage, but research is ongoing.

The p53 protein has complex, sometimes contradictory functions, including tumor suppression and promoting cell survival.

Lamins are vital for cell survival, organ development, and preventing premature aging.

Activating Nrf2 protects human hair follicles from oxidative stress and helps prevent hair growth inhibition.

Brain hormones significantly affect hair color and could potentially be used to prevent or reverse grey hair.

Wound dressing absorbs fluid, regenerates hair follicles, and heals skin burns.

Stem cell niches are adaptable and key for tissue maintenance and repair.

Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.

Mice with human skin protein K8 had more skin problems and cancer.

A 3-month stay in space causes skin thinning, disrupts hair growth, and changes muscle-related genes in mice.

Wnt signaling is important for development and cell regulation but can cause diseases like cancer when not working properly.

Nanoparticulate systems improve drug delivery by controlling release, protecting drugs, changing absorption and distribution, and concentrating drugs in targeted areas.

Hair diversity is influenced by complex genetics and environmental factors, requiring more research for practical solutions.

The vitamin D receptor is essential for skin stem cells to grow, move, and become different cell types needed for skin healing.

Some natural compounds may help overcome drug resistance in certain cancers, but more research is needed.

Hoxc genes control hair growth through Wnt signaling.

Eupafolin nanoparticles help protect skin cells from damage caused by air pollution.